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761.
762.
全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM3) Ⅰ:建模机理及数学表征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在充分分析活性污泥系统中生物反应机理的基础上,建立了活性污泥系统生物去除营养物质的细观机理模型--全耦合活性污泥模型(Fully Coupled Activated Sludge Model No.3,简称FCASM3).FCASM3将系统中微生物划分为8类菌群,包含31种组分、72个子过程;该模型的主要特点是将活性污泥系统中的微生物进一步细化,充分考虑了系统中微生物间的相互作用.FCASM3引入了硝化-反硝化过程中的中间产物亚硝酸盐.实现了对两步硝化-反硝化过程的模拟;FCASM3不仅包含聚糖菌的有关生物反应过程,而且还考虑了聚磷菌(非反硝化聚磷菌和反硝化聚磷菌)以及聚糖菌的厌氧维持过程,为直接体现温度对生物反应的影响,FCASM3将温度作为一个变量直接耦合到生物反应速率方程中. 相似文献
763.
优势菌的筛选及其强化活性污泥好氧反硝化的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用含活性污泥提取物的贫培养基筛选SBR系统中的好氧异养优势菌。结合自然温度(15~20℃)、延长培养时间等条件来提高菌群的可培养性。从SBR活性污泥系统中分离出5种细菌。4株去除COD优势菌,1株异养硝化细菌,能在好氧条件下实现对总氮的去除。反应池底采用边缘对称曝气,反应池内细菌在时间顺序和空间位置上循环经历好氧过程及微氧过程。将PVA铝盐法固定的细菌对反应器进行生物强化。结果显示,在好氧工艺的条件下,投加优势菌群后,与未加优势菌群的反应器相比,可以显著改善污泥的沉降性能,COD、NH3-N和TN降解率显著提高,分别达到98%、97%和90%。生物强化作用明显,反应器内具有良好的好氧反硝化环境。 相似文献
764.
Profiling of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating
hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing wastewater 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A technology of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE)was used to profile the structure and dynamic changes of microbial communities in a bioreactor for treating hydrocarbon-sulfide-containing(HSC)wastewater.The results showed that the heterotrophic genus of Acinetobacter and the autotrophic genera of Thiobacillus and Thiomonas could survive well in all of three operating conditions.Some special genera were also observed with changes of micro-ecoenvironment in the rea... 相似文献
765.
766.
生物清消技术是一种迅速发展的污染物处理的生物技术,用于处理分散在土壤、地下水、海洋和湖泊中的污染物。生物清消技术通过向环境供给营养物、共作基质和供氧,并依靠有机污染物自身的碳源促进天然微生物群体的生长繁殖,也可进一步向污染环境中补充在实验中筛选和增殖的微生物(强化技术)稳定和加速生物降解过程。本文介绍了生物清消的几种方法:生物促进法、生物耕作法、固相清消法、土壤堆制法、生物泥浆法,还介绍了强化技术应用的几个方面。 相似文献
767.
Waste tyres pose a major disposal problem on land creating a fire hazard and, in warmer climates, providing breeding pools for mosquitoes. the void space in tyres makes them unsuitable for land burial. Schemes to use shredded tyres for road bases and asphalt filler are being pursued in the USA. Tyre combustion for electricity production is being investigated in the UK.
The widespread availability and durability of tyres has led to their use in the marine environment for breakwaters/coastal defence structures and as artificial reefs for promoting fisheries.
Tyres have a low density and have been used in floating breakwaters. Schemes have been proposed to protect and strengthen shorelines with tyre structures.
The void space in tyres facilitates the construction of artificial reefs to attract fish. the most intensive use is in the south west Pacific and Australia. Tyre surfaces are colonised by algae and a wide range of faunal species, including corals and shellfish. the wide acceptance of tyres as a suitable reef construction material appears to be based largely on these observations. Experience of initial poor deployment practices in the USA led to tyres washing ashore after storms and resulted in the banning or restriction of their use in coastal states of the USA. A review of the scientific literature has yielded limited information on the environmental impact of tyres and in particular the leaching of heavy metals and organic compounds from tyres into sea water.
Preliminary results of tyre dust/sea water leaching studies are presented. These identify zinc as the major leachate (totalling 10mg/tyre after 3 months). Diluted leachates have not shown significant effects of the growth of the phytoplankton Phaeodactylum and Isocrysis.
Further work to characterise the sea water leaching of tyre compounds is recommended. 相似文献
The widespread availability and durability of tyres has led to their use in the marine environment for breakwaters/coastal defence structures and as artificial reefs for promoting fisheries.
Tyres have a low density and have been used in floating breakwaters. Schemes have been proposed to protect and strengthen shorelines with tyre structures.
The void space in tyres facilitates the construction of artificial reefs to attract fish. the most intensive use is in the south west Pacific and Australia. Tyre surfaces are colonised by algae and a wide range of faunal species, including corals and shellfish. the wide acceptance of tyres as a suitable reef construction material appears to be based largely on these observations. Experience of initial poor deployment practices in the USA led to tyres washing ashore after storms and resulted in the banning or restriction of their use in coastal states of the USA. A review of the scientific literature has yielded limited information on the environmental impact of tyres and in particular the leaching of heavy metals and organic compounds from tyres into sea water.
Preliminary results of tyre dust/sea water leaching studies are presented. These identify zinc as the major leachate (totalling 10mg/tyre after 3 months). Diluted leachates have not shown significant effects of the growth of the phytoplankton Phaeodactylum and Isocrysis.
Further work to characterise the sea water leaching of tyre compounds is recommended. 相似文献
768.
769.
石油污染土壤的生物修复技术 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
石油污染土壤的生物修复技术具有高效、无二次污染和操作管理简便的优点,正逐步成为石油污染治理研究的一个重要领域。本从土壤中石油类物质降解了基本原理出发,总结了近年发展起来的强化生物降解效率的各种技术措施和工程方案及其适用条件,并在此基础上进一步分析了生物修复技术的发展方向和应用前景。中首先详细介绍了土壤中降解石油类物质的生物相组成及降解过程的基本生化原理,并指出影响微生物降解速率的因素主要有土壤pH值,温度、湿度、充氧量和各种营养物质及微量元素含量等。接着,重点重点阐述了石油污染土壤的非原位修复技术和原位修复技术并深入探讨了土地处理、生物堆积处理、堆肥处理等非原位修复技术和所采取的技术措施,主要包括应用高效降解微生物、投加氧化剂和表面活性剂等。最后,本还展望了石油类污染土壤生物治理的未来发展趋势。 相似文献
770.