沸石曝气生物滤池去除氨氮性能及生物学特征分析

天然沸石具有较大的孔隙率和比表面积,对氨氮有较强的选择性离子交换能力.运用天然沸石曝气生物滤池处理城市污水厂二级生化出水,结果表明,曝气生物滤池有良好的去除效果.在气水比为3∶1,水力负荷为1 m/h,温度＞20℃情况下,沸石曝气生物滤池对城市污水厂二级生化出水COD去除率为12.7%,NH3-N去除率为96.6%;试验系统沿程微生物活性和微生物量呈现逐渐下降趋势,而单位生物量的生物活性沿程分布则与此相反;曝气生物滤池对水中污染物的去除主要集中在底部进水端部分,当水流达到距进水端上方105 cm时,曝气生物滤池对水中NH3-N的去除率已达86.8%(占氨氮总去除率的90%),COD的去除率为13.3%(占COD总去除率的67%).     

密相流态化气力输送技术的工业试验研究

对燃煤电厂密相流态化气力输送系统的不同工况进行1：1工业试验研究。在不影响粉煤灰正常输送的前提下，采集系统核心部件仓泵的压力曲线及数据，对其进行分析。研究认为，仓泵的设计压力至少可以降低为0.8MPa，并对管路系统提出改进方案，为密相流态化气力输送的设计和运行提供参考依据。     

双碱法多级雾化超重力旋转床烟气脱硫研究

多级雾化超重力旋转床是一种新型的强化传质设备 ,适合于大流量的废气处理。本文选择NaOH Ca(OH) 2双碱法烟气脱硫工艺进行了实验研究 ,考察了再生液的PH0 值、液气比及气体中的SO2 初始浓度等对脱硫率的影响     

城市污水生物除磷系统的特点工艺及其改进

本文以废水生物除磷的原理及特点为基础，介绍了城市污水生物除磷的主要工艺及其改进方法。     

新型废水生物脱氮的微生物学研究进展

生物脱氮是含氮废水处理公认的最佳处理方式,随着对生物脱氮微生物学原理研究的不断深入,许多新的生物脱氮特殊菌株或菌群及微生物转化机制不断被发现.本文在传统生物脱氮过程机理上,结合最近国内外生物脱氮的新发现,就短程硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化的微生物学原理进行了阐述.图1表2参23     

Limitations of Biodiversity Databases: Case Study on Seed-Plant Diversity in Tenerife, Canary Islands

Abstract:  Databases on the distribution of species can be used to describe the geographic patterns of biodiversity. Nevertheless, they have limitations. We studied three of these limitations: (1) inadequacy of raw data to describe richness patterns due to sampling bias, (2) lack of survey effort assessment (and lack of exhaustiveness in compiling data about survey effort), and (3) lack of coverage of the geographic and environmental variations that affect the distribution of organisms. We used a biodiversity database (BIOTA-Canarias) to analyze richness data from a well-known group (seed plants) in an intensively surveyed area (Tenerife Island). Observed richness and survey effort were highly correlated. Species accumulation curves could not be used to determine survey effort because data digitalization was not exhaustive, so we identified well-sampled sites based on observed richness to sampling effort ratios. We also developed a predictive model based on the data from well-sampled sites and analyzed the origin of the geographic errors in the obtained extrapolation by means of a geographically constrained cross-validation. The spatial patterns of seed-plant species richness obtained from BIOTA-Canarias data were incomplete and biased. Therefore, some improvements are needed to use this database (and many others) in biodiversity studies. We propose a protocol that includes controls on data quality, improvements on data digitalization and survey design to improve data quality, and some alternative data analysis strategies that will provide a reliable picture of biodiversity patterns.     

序批式生物膜法同步除磷脱氮特性研究

对淹没序批式生物膜法去除有机物和磷及同步部分脱氮的特性进行了研究。其适合的载体装填密度为30％，水力停留时间为9h，其中厌氧3h，好氧6h，进水COD负荷从0．27kg/(m^3.d)到1．32kg/(m^3.d)均可使除磷率达90％以上，脱氮率达50％－60％。淹没式生物膜法除磷脱氮工艺中的优势菌属为假单胞菌属，其次依顺序为气单胞菌属，芽孢杆菌属，微球菌属，硝化矸菌属，生物膜具有生物量大（MLVSS达5531．7mg/L)，脱落污泥含磷量高（达5．67％），沉降性好（SVI为101．7）的特点，污泥产率为0．1996kg干泥／kgCOD。     

生物快滤池深度处理城市污水的性能及pH值变化规律

采用生物快滤池对城市污水厂二级出水进行深度处理的试验表明,生物快滤池对进水水质变化有很大的适应性,除卫生学指标外,其它指标出水绝大部分时间可满足生活杂用水水质标准(CJ25.1-89)中的洗车标准。随着进水水质的不同,生物快滤池中生化反应类型也随之变化,相应地滤池出水pH值也有不同的变化规律。可以通过生物快滤池进出水pH值的变化情况来判断滤池内生化反应类型和COD或氨氮指标的去除效果。     

Establishment Success across Convergent Mediterranean Ecosystems: an Analysis of Bird Introductions

Abstract:  Concern over the impact of invaders on biodiversity and on the functioning of ecosystems has generated a rising tide of comparative analyses aiming to unveil the factors that shape the success of introduced species across different regions. One limitation of these studies is that they often compare geographically rather than ecologically defined regions. We propose an approach that can help address this limitation: comparison of invasions across convergent ecosystems that share similar climates. We compared avian invasions in five convergent mediterranean climate systems around the globe. Based on a database of 180 introductions representing 121 avian species, we found that the proportion of bird species successfully established was high in all mediterranean systems (more than 40% for all five regions). Species differed in their likelihood to become established, although success was not higher for those originating from mediterranean systems than for those from nonmediterranean regions. Controlling for this taxonomic effect with generalized linear mixed models, species introduced into mediterranean islands did not show higher establishment success than those introduced to the mainland. Susceptibility to avian invaders, however, differed substantially among the different mediterranean regions. The probability that a species will become established was highest in the Mediterranean Basin and lowest in mediterranean Australia and the South African Cape. Our results suggest that many of the birds recently introduced into mediterranean systems, and especially into the Mediterranean Basin, have a high potential to establish self-sustaining populations. This finding has important implications for conservation in these biologically diverse hotspots.     

雷州无瓣海桑群落7种元素的生物累积和循环

在雷州市附城镇岚北人工生态恢复的 7a生无瓣海桑群落生物量调查的基础上 ,对所采集的无瓣海桑进行了植物体各组分样品的灰分和元素含量测定与循环分析 ,结果表明 :无瓣海桑植物体不同组分的灰分含量范围为 2 .2 7%～ 2 6 .4 1% ,以细根的含量最高 ,枯枝的含量最低 .植物体各组分中 7种元素质量分数范围分别为K 0 .11%～ 1.5 6 % ,Na0 .11%～ 1.6 6 % ,Ca 0 .2 0 %～ 2 .6 6 % ,Mg 0 .15 %～ 1.5 9% ,Fe 0 .0 4× 10 -3 ～ 9.6 4× 10 -3 ,Zn 0 .0 5× 10 -4～ 1.0 3× 10 -4,Cu0 .16× 10 -5～ 1.5 0× 10 -5.其加权平均的富集系数为 0 .0 5～ 9.70 ,其中Ca >K >Cu >Na >Mg>Zn >Fe .群落现存生物量中的累积储量分别为K 10 9.76gm-2 ,Ca 138.89gm-2 ,Na 86 .5 7gm-2 ,Mg 81.0 7gm-2 ,Fe 13.139gm-2 ,Zn 0 .4 83gm-2 ,Cu 0 .10 8gm-2 .群落 2 0 0 1年的元素存留累积储量分别为Ca4 1.6 8gm-2 ,K 37.2 4gm-2 ,Mg 2 7.33gm-2 ,Na2 5 .5 6gm-2 ,Fe 4 .2 75gm-2 ,Zn 0 .188gm-2 ,Cu 0 .0 39gm-2 .2 0 0 1年归还量分别为Ca 2 8.5 9gm-2 ,K 16 .83gm-2 ,Mg 12 .0 7gm-2 ,Na 11.5 8gm-2 ,Fe 0 .916gm-2 ,Zn 0 .14 1gm-2 ,Cu 0 .0 2 6gm-2 .年吸收量分别为Ca 70 .2 7gm-2 ,K 5 4 .0 7gm-2 ,Mg 39.4 0gm-2 ,Na 37.1