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431.
《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2014,16(1):123-136
Human welder's experiences and skills are critical for producing quality welds in manual GTAW process. Learning human welder's behavior can help develop next generation intelligent welding machines and train welders faster. In this tutorial paper, various aspects of mechanizing the welder's intelligence are surveyed, including sensing of the weld pool, modeling of the welder's adjustments and this model-based control approach. Specifically, different sensing methods of the weld pool are reviewed and a novel 3D vision-based sensing system developed at University of Kentucky is introduced. Characterization of the weld pool is performed and human intelligent model is constructed, including an extensive survey on modeling human dynamics and neuro-fuzzy techniques. Closed-loop control experiment results are presented to illustrate the robustness of the model-based intelligent controller despite welding speed disturbance. A foundation is thus established to explore the mechanism and transformation of human welder's intelligence into robotic welding system. Finally future research directions in this field are presented. 相似文献
432.
分析了高压盘式封堵作业从开挖封堵作业坑、氮气试压、密闭开孔、旧管线焊接盲板、管线连头作业、管沟回填作业等6个工序的风险,结合实践提出安全控制措施。 相似文献
433.
对LNG储罐泄漏事故进行危险分析,选用PHAST软件计算模型,针对LNG储罐不同事故类型选取最大设想事故进行假设模拟,确定了不同条件下LNG储罐泄漏事故的安全距离;对结果进行分析,得出的结论对LNG储罐的安全管理和事故预防提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
434.
435.
Yan M Yi Shi Deyi Hou Xi Zhang Jiaqi Chen Zhifen Wang Zhu Xu Fasheng Li Xiaoming Du 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(4):328-335
Mechanical soil aeration is a simple, effective, and low-cost soil remediation technology that is suitable for sites contaminated with volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons(VCHs). Conventionally, this technique is used to treat the mixed soil of a site without considering the diversity and treatability of different soils within the site. A laboratory test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical soil aeration for remediating soils of different textures(silty,clayey, and sandy soils) along a vertical profile at an abandoned chloro-alkali chemical site in China. The collected soils were artificially contaminated with chloroform(TCM) and trichloroethylene(TCE). Mechanical soil aeration was effective for remediating VCHs(removal efficiency 98%). The volatilization process was described by an exponential kinetic function.In the early stage of treatment(0–7 hr), rapid contaminant volatilization followed a pseudofirst order kinetic model. VCH concentrations decreased to low levels and showed a tailing phenomenon with very slow contaminant release after 8 hr. Compared with silty and sandy soils, clayey soil has high organic-matter content, a large specific surface area, a high clay fraction, and a complex pore structure. These characteristics substantially influenced the removal process, making it less efficient, more time consuming, and consequently more expensive. Our findings provide a potential basis for optimizing soil remediation strategy in a cost-effective manner. 相似文献
436.
微生物燃料电池强化去除农药2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸及同步产电性能 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究了广泛应用的农药2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)存在对微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFCs)产电性能、污染物去除及微生物群落结构的影响,并探讨了阳极预曝气对2,4-D的强化去除及产电影响.结果表明,向以乙酸钠为燃料的双室型微生物燃料电池阳极室内加入2,4-D,会降低系统输出电压,降低功率密度,增加内阻.当300 mg·L~(-1)的2,4-D与乙酸钠(850 mg·L~(-1))共存时,与乙酸钠单基质相比,最大功率密度从0.151 W·m~(-2)迅速下降到0.057 W·m~(-2),内阻相应从524Ω增加到1 230Ω.为了加快系统中2,4-D的去除,减少其对产电菌的抑制效应,采用阳极预曝气6 h的运行方式,显著提高了2,4-D去除效率,同时获得了0.42~0.47 V的最高输出电压.2,4-D加入后MFC阳极微生物群落结构发生了变化,选择出了多种2,4-D降解菌及具有2,4-D耐受能力的产电菌.研究表明,可以通过阳极预曝气方式强化2,4-D去除的同时从MFCs系统回收电能. 相似文献
437.
通过比较射流曝气与鼓风曝气的氧化效果及能耗,提出了臭氧协同空气射流曝气的一种新型湿法脱硫浆液强制氧化技术,并探究了其在氧化脱硫浆液方面的工业应用前景,讨论了O_3浓度与传输距离、进气量、浆液循环量、温度、pH和液面高度对脱硫浆液氧化特性的影响。实验结果表明:臭氧协同空气射流曝气、空气射流曝气、鼓风曝气对脱硫浆液的氧化率(η)和能耗(E)的关系分别为:η_1=1.270η_2=3.175η_3(其中η_2=2.500η_3)、E_1=0.747E_2=0.249E_3(其中E_2=0.333E_3),其工业应用前景良好;通过提高O_3浓度、进气量、浆液循环量与液面高度、缩短O_3传输距离等方式均能进一步提高亚硫酸盐的氧化效果,从而提高脱硫效率。 相似文献
438.
A passive aeration composting study was undertaken to investigate the effects of aeration pipe orientation (PO) and perforation size (PS) on some physico-chemical properties of chicken litter (chicken manure + sawdust) during composting. The experimental set up was a two-factor completely randomised block design with two pipe orientations: horizontal (Ho) and vertical (Ve), and three perforation sizes: 15, 25 and 35 mm diameter. The properties monitored during composting were pile temperature, moisture content (MC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total carbon (CT), total nitrogen (NT) and total phosphorus (PT). Moisture level in the piles was periodically replenished to 60% for efficient microbial activities. The results of the study showed that optimum composting conditions (thermophilic temperatures and sanitation requirements) were attained in all the piles. During composting, both PO and PS significantly affected pile temperature, moisture level, pH, CT loss and PT gain. EC was only affected by PO while NT was affected by PS. Neither PO nor PS had a significant effect on the C:N ratio. A vertical pipe was effective for uniform air distribution, hence, uniform composting rate within the composting pile. The final values showed that PO of Ve and PS of 35 mm diameter resulted in the least loss in NT. The PO of Ho was as effective as Ve in the conservation of CT and PT. Similarly, the three PSs were equally effective in the conservation of CT and PT. In conclusion, the combined effects of PO and PS showed that treatments Ve35 and Ve15 were the most effective in minimizing NT loss. 相似文献
439.
440.
王超 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2011,17(2)
受矿山废水排放的影响,金昌市地下水的污染物以重金属离子为主.同时金昌地区有着巨厚的包气带,其物质组成由砂砾石、亚粉土、亚粘土为主.本文在对污染组分进行取样分析的基础上,对包气带的吸附能力进行研究,结论认为其对重金属离子有着较强的吸附能力,可以有效降低地下水的污染水平. 相似文献