低频无极灯降解偶氮染料酸性橙7

以40 W的新型低频感应无极灯(LFEL)作为反应光源,研究了其对于水中难生化降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7)的降解效果.通过专用浸没式反应器研究了这种新型光源降解AO7的有效实验参数,并与传统汞灯光源做了降解AO7的实验对比,用GC-MS检测了主要降解产物小分子,探讨了LEEL对AO7的降解机制及反应活性物质(ROS).结果表明,LFEL对于水中的AO7染料具有较好的降解效果和较高的矿化率,在浸没式反应器中曝气量2 m3·min-1,AO7浓度为20 mg·L-1(7 L)在4 h的反应后能达到94.1%的降解率,而其降解能耗远低于传统汞灯光源.降解贡献来自于两个方面:直接吸收降解和间接通过活性物质(ROS)氧化作用.氧气是ROS的重要来源,加大曝气量会提高降解效率,反应过程中有臭氧的生成.添加淬灭剂显示,·OH对降解反应几乎无贡献,1O2和O2·-则是反应的主要活性物质.     

生态浮岛技术用于河湖污染修复进展研究

中国江河湖库水体污染状况严重,且难以用传统的物理、化学方法进行修复,生态浮岛作为一种生物－生态修复技术以其操作简单、处理效果好以及环境风险低等优点在河湖污染修复中得到大家的广泛关注。以发展进程为线索,作用主体和动力模式为依据对生态浮岛技术进行归纳总结,分类阐述了传统生态浮岛、组合型浮岛和微动力浮岛的研究及应用情况。展望了今后的研究方向,包括创建适于硝化菌和反硝化菌生长的微环境,加强生态系统交互作用和引入太阳能装置等。以期对生态浮岛在河湖污染修复中的研究及应用提供参考。     

三峡库区水库水质Streeter Phelps模型修正及COD变化规律的新探讨

水体复氧规律的研究对于预测和评价水中溶解氧含量, 确定有机污染水体的自净过程具有重要意义。天然水体中溶解氧的多少是评价水环境质量优劣的一项非常重要的指标, 是水质预测的一个重要任务。Streeter Phelps模型是目前进行河流水质研究常用的物理模型，具有良好的理论和实用价值，然而在某些特定水域，该模型的应用受到限制，主要原因是复氧系数的取定多在水流速度较大情况下得到的，而未考虑水面波动对复氧系数的影响，另外，在实际研究过程中发现三峡库区COD变化的规律出现异常：在离排污口相当远的水域，COD随时间变化趋势并不是指数衰减，而是在某个常值附近微小摆动，以往很多修正过的Streeter Phelps模型都无法解释这个现象。经研究表明：考虑波动效应后，对复氧系数进行修正能得到较好的模型计算结果；同时，COD变化规律不仅可以弄清楚，而且可以为进一步研究排污规律和泥沙运动提供科学依据。     

Population Biology of Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) of the Middle Don River Basin

The stages of ontogeny and morphogenesis of the common chicory were characterized on the basis of long-term observations. A comparative analysis of seed productivity was performed, and the pool of viable seeds in the soil was determined. The ecological–cenotic relationships and the types of population strategy of the species were estimated.     

A mathematical model to estimate errors associated with closed flux chambers

Errors associated with the closed flux chamber technique, used to measure surface emissions from landfills, were investigated by using a combination of numerical modeling and laboratory studies. A transient-state, advective–dispersive–reactive model was developed and used in conjunction with its steady-state version to quantify the errors associated with closed flux chambers. In developing the model, all four major gases, CH₄, O₂, CO₂, and N₂, and the oxidation of CH₄ to CO₂ were considered. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a monolayered as well as a two-layered landfill cover system to calibrate and verify the model. The model was used to develop a plot of the percentage errors associated with closed flux chambers of different dimensions and surface flux rates.     

Enhancement of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal using intermittent aeration mechanism

Biological nutrient removal grows into complicated scenario due to the microbial consortium shift and kinetic competition between phosphorus (P)-accumulating and nitrogen (N)-removing microorganisms. In this study, three sequential batch reactors with constant operational conditions except aeration patterns at 6 h cycle periods were tested. Intermittent aeration was applied to develop a robust nutrient removal system aimed to achieve high energy saving and removal efficiency. The results showed higher correspondence of P-uptake, polymeric substance synthesis and glycogen degradation in intermittent-aeration with longer interval periods compared to continuous-aeration. Increasing the intermittent-aeration duration from 25 to 50 min, resulted in higher process performance where the system exhibited approximately 30% higher nutrient removal. This study indicated that nutrient removal strongly depends on reaction phase configuration representing the importance of aeration pattern. The microbial community examined the variation in abundance of bacterial groups in suspended sludge, where the 50 min intermittent aeration, favored the growth of P-accumulating organisms and nitrogen removal microbial groups, indicating the complications related to nutrient removal systems. Successful intermittently aerated process with high capability of simple implementation to conventional systems by elemental retrofitting, is applicable for upgrading wastewater treatment plants. With aeration as a major operational cost, this process is a promising approach to potentially remove nutrients in high competence, in distinction to optimizing cost-efficacy of the system.     

曝气参数对短程硝化的影响及氮素等高线分析

采用间歇曝气SBR工艺处理实际生活污水,在温度为（26±0.5）℃,pH值为（7.2±0.2）时,考察曝气强度和曝气密度两种曝气参数对实现稳定短程硝化的影响,设计批次试验采用等高线及其剖面图探究NH₄⁺-N去除率（ARE）和NO₂^--N积累率（NiAR）.结果表明：控制曝气密度为12时,高曝气强度（2L/（L×h））下,可实现67.10%的ARE和95%的NiAR;控制曝气强度为2L/（L×h）,在曝气密度分别为6、8和12时,ARE分别在40、37、22周期达到71.40%、52.36%和59.60%,NiAR分别增大至98.94%、96.72%和98.20%.对批次试验结果进行等高线分析,曝气强度和曝气密度均会对ARE和NiAR有影响,在曝气强度为和曝气密度分别为2L/（L×h）和15时,ARE和NiAR分别高达77%和99%.     

炼油厂含硫碱渣处理工艺

阐述了炼油厂油品碱精制过程排出废碱液的来源，水质，并对其处理工艺过程中的问题进行了讨论，根据现有处理工艺存在的问题，提出了解决这些问题，并有效碱渣的工艺过程“ 湿式氧化脱臭－酸化回收酚或环烷酸－ＳＲＢ法处理碱渣酸性水”。     

好氧颗粒污泥降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的影响因素研究

本文研究了好氧颗粒污泥系统中,温度、pH、曝气强度、邻苯二酸(Phthalic Acid,PA)及氨氮(NH3-N)对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(Dimethyl Phthahte,DMP)降解效果的影响,结果表明:好氧颗粒污泥降解DMP的最佳温度、最佳PH值范围、最佳曝气强度分别为25℃～45℃、7.0 ～9.0、1.38 cm/s.当PA浓度为100 mg/L、300 mg/L,PA对DMP降解起促进作用;当PA浓度为500 mg/L、800 mg/L,PA对DMP降解起抑制作用.进水中50 mg/L的氨氮浓度对DMP降解的影响不大.本研究中采用的19种运行工况条件中,除曝气强度为0.33 cm/s以外,其他18种运行工况条件下,当运行时间达到300 min时,DMP的浓度都小于1.0 mg/L,因此,当水力停留时间达到5h以上时,温度、pH、PA、氨氮对DMP降解速率的影响基本上可以忽略不计.