纯氧曝气高MLSS浓度法的生产性探索

在处理乙烯生产废水的纯氧曝气活性污泥系统中，将曝气池ＭＬＳＳ浓度由５ｇ／Ｌ提高到１０－１５ｇ／Ｌ，从而使生化处理系统于高ＭＬＳＳ、低污泥负荷、低ＳＶＩ的良好运行状态，提高了装置的处理能力和耐负荷冲击能力，克服了污泥膨胀问题，保持了系统的稳定运行。     

FIELD TESTING OF AN ICE-PRESERVING WINTER LAKE AERATION SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: Artificial aeration is used to prevent winter fish kills due to oxygen depletion in ice-covered lakes. Conventional aeration by air bubble plumes and other techniques usually mixes the water column and produces hazardous open water in the ice cover. A non-mixing winter lake aeration system which creates a fish refuge was designed and field tested to oxygenate the water and maintain water temperature stratification in a lake such that no open water is created. The system uses a cascade aerator and has a design discharge and dissolved oxygen input rate of 85 1/s and 70 kg/d, respectively. Aerated water is discharged near mid-depth with minimum disturbance of the ambient water through a specially designed diffuser. The system was tested in a shallow 3 m deep lake of 17 ha surface area during two winters and was found to perform as expected. Significant photosynthetic production of dissolved oxygen under the ice-cover was also observed during snow-free periods.     

Occurrence and formation of disinfection by-products in the swimming pool environment: A critical review

Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease; however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of which are of health concern. From a chemical perspective, swimming pools are a complex matrix, with continual addition of a wide range of natural and anthropogenic chemicals via filling waters, disinfectant addition, pharmaceuticals and personal care products and human body excretions. Natural organic matter, trace amounts of DBPs and chlorine or chloramines may be introduced by the filling water, which is commonly disinfected distributed drinking water. Chlorine and/or bromine is continually introduced via the addition of chemical disinfectants to the pool. Human body excretions (sweat, urine and saliva) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (sunscreens, cosmetics, hair products and lotions) are introduced by swimmers. High addition of disinfectant leads to a high formation of DBPs from reaction of some of the chemicals with the disinfectant. Swimming pool air is also of concern as volatile DBPs partition into the air above the pool. The presence of bromine leads to the formation of a wide range of bromo- and bromo/chloro-DBPs, and Br-DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. This is particularly important for seawater-filled pools or pools using a bromine-based disinfectant. This review summarises chemical contaminants and DBPs in swimming pool waters, as well as in the air above pools. Factors that have been found to affect DBP formation in pools are discussed. The impact of the swimming pool environment on human health is reviewed.     

纯氧曝气活性污泥培养过程中絮体结构变化

采用纯氧曝气序批式反应器(SBR)直接培养、驯化培养活性污泥,运用显微技术分析絮体当量直径(Deq)、规则度(Rd)、孔隙率(Po)和单位悬浮固体内总细丝长度(Ftl)在培养不同时期的变化规律,采用Pearson相关性分析法分析絮体结构参数的相关性.结果表明:污泥直接培养过程中絮体Deq不断增大,驯化培养初期絮体Deq减小,中后期不断增大,驯化培养污泥絮体颗粒较大;污泥直接培养过程中絮体Rd不断减小,驯化污泥絮体Rd变化不大,在0.400~0.520内波动,两种方式培养的絮体规则度值相当;直接培养初期、中期絮体Po随絮体粒径增大而增大,驯化污泥絮体Po初期、后期呈减小趋势,中期呈增大趋势,直接培养法的絮体Po较小;污泥直接培养中、后期出现大量丝状菌,但很快又减少,污泥驯化整个过程中系统内均无大量丝状菌出现.污泥直接培养初期絮体Deq与Po显著正相关,Rd与Deq、Po显著负相关;中期丝状菌作用较大,Ftl与Po、Rd都显著负相关.污泥驯化初期,絮体Deq与Rd、Po均显著正相关,驯化后期Rd起较大作用,与其他参数均显著相关.     

混凝沉淀+A/O+曝气生物滤池工艺处理沙棘加工废水工程实践

以河北某沙棘加工企业的沙棘生产废水处理工程为例,通过技术经济比选,确定采用"混凝沉淀+A/O+曝气生物滤池"处理工艺,并对工艺特点进行了说明,介绍了主要处理构筑物及其设计参数,对该工程运行后的环境效益和社会效益进行分析。运行结果显示,系统出水的ρ(COD)、ρ(SS)、ρ(BOD5)和ρ(NH3-N)平均值分别为42,7.5,8.5,1.1 mg/L,满足GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准要求,既可以改善伊逊河水质,又有利于企业自身的可持续发展。     

基于沉陷预计的岩盐矿区土地损毁研究

以封闭溶腔环境和非封闭溶腔环境下的岩盐矿区为研究对象,采用概率积分法,在修正沉陷预计参数的基础上,分析不同溶腔环境下岩盐矿区的地表移动变形和土地损毁结果。封闭溶腔环境下沉陷预计参数的修正引入等价采高模型和水砂充填开采模型,非封闭溶腔环境下沉陷预计参数的修正引入等价采高模型。结果表明,不同溶腔环境下的预计结果的最大值存在显著差别,地表移动变形结果值取决于溶腔封闭性。在封闭溶腔环境下,岩盐矿区的下沉、倾斜、水平变形、水平移动和曲率的最大值分别为400 mm、0.35 mm/m、0.55 mm/m、180 mm和0.001 1 mm/m2,损毁范围内的农用地均属于轻度损毁;在非封闭溶腔环境下,岩盐矿区的下沉、倾斜变形、水平变形、水平移动和曲率的最大值分别为6 500 mm、0.6 mm/m、9.5 mm/m、2 800 mm和0.02 mm/m2,损毁范围内的农用地受轻度、中度和重度损毁的面积分别为1 095.70 hm2、148.44 hm2和107.78 hm2。通过对比,封闭溶腔环境下岩盐矿区的地表移动变形结果小于非封闭溶腔环境下的地表移动变形结果,在非封闭溶腔环境下岩盐开采可能造成大范围的土地损毁,岩盐矿区土地损毁预防措施要解决的核心问题是保障溶腔的完整性和封闭性。     

CFD simulation of pool fires situated at differing elevation

When two or more pool fires happen to burn so close to each other that they interact, they are termed ‘multiple pool fires’ (MPF). Past accident analysis reveals that MPFs occur quite frequently in chemical process industries. Controlled experiments done so far to study MPFs have indicated that MPFs lead to increase in the fuel burning rate, flame height and heat release rate (HRR) but the nature and the extent of the impacts of different factors on these manifestations is as yet poorly understood. In this context computational fluid dynamics (CFD) appears to be a tool which can enable more detailed and realistic simulation of MPFs than other possible approaches, especially due to its ability to closely approximate the underlying physical phenomena. In tank farms there are situations where different storage tanks are placed at different elevations yet close to each other. If such tanks happen to catch fire, the resulting fires may influence each other in a manner that may be a function of the difference in the tanks’ elevation. However no CFD study has been carried out which addresses this type of situation. Hence an attempt has been made to employ CFD to study MPFs involving two pools with fuel surfaces are at different elevations. Results reveal that good correlation is possible between the experimental findings and the CFD simulations.     

UNITANK工艺降低污泥产率操作的可行性研究

随着改善环境的需求和污水处理行业的发展,污水处理产生的污泥的处置已经成为行业急待解决的问题,无论何种方式的污泥处置都极大地增加了企业的运营成本.针对UNITANK工艺分析了工艺运行的操作特点,并根据SBR反应器中进水与曝气方式对活性污泥产率的影响这一实验结论,论述了UNITANK工艺降低污泥产率操作的可行性.通过对UNITANK工艺进水和曝气阶段操作模式的选择确定工艺操作参数,并对生产采取过程控制,降低污泥产率这一目标是可以达到的.     

跌水曝气生物滤池的挂膜与启动研究

为实现污水的无能耗处理,根据"跌水曝气式生物滤塔"专利设计制作了5层跌水曝气生物滤池,对其在生活污水处理过程中的自然挂膜过程进行研究,分析了挂膜过程中生物相的变化及对COD、NH4+-N的去除效果。试验结果表明:COD的去除主要集中在滤池的中上部(第1、2、3滤料层),而对NH4+-N的去除主要集中在中下部(第4、5滤料层)。当COD的去除率稳定在61.5%左右,NH4+-N的去除率稳定在56%以上,且滤料中的生物相趋于稳定时,标志着反应器挂膜已完成,历时约21 d。     

一种新型河道复氧技术介绍——强曝气池

简要介绍了几种常见河道复氧技术,并以南淝河为例,详细阐述了强曝气池作为一种新型复氧技术的设计要点及运行效果。认为强曝气池复氧效果好,节省投资,运行管理方便,是一种值得推广的技术。