通风量对厨余堆肥氮素转化及氮素损失的影响

采用静态好氧工艺对厨余垃圾进行了堆肥化试验。堆肥设三个处理V0、V1、V2,其对应通风量分别为0.015m3(/kg·h)、0.030m3(/kg·h)和0.060m3(/kg·h),实验结果反映了不同通风量条件下,厨余垃圾堆肥的氨挥发及各形态氮的转化规律和其氮损失的数量。堆肥过程中,堆V0、V1、V2的厨余氨氮总释放率分别为6.02g/kg、8.54g/kg和5.74g/kg。堆制后,V0、V1、V2堆体全氮含量分别下降15.1%、17.1%和23.2%;有机氮分别下降46.5%、24.5%和23.0%;堆V0、V1的氨氮浓度分别提高364.8%和52.7%,V2下降25.7%。堆V0、V1、V2的氮损失率分别为33.3%、35.4%和48.9%,氨挥发占氮损失的比例分别为50.6%、58.2%和34.6%,堆V0、V1氮损失的途径主要是氨挥发,而堆V2的氮损失大部分来自有机氮物质的直接挥发。从堆肥效率、无害化程度和营养持留来看,厨余堆肥系统的通风比率以0.030m3(/kg·h)为宜,通风量过大会使有机氮的挥发增强,氮损失的比率加大。     

Monitoring and factors affecting levels of airborne and water bromoform in chlorinated seawater swimming pools

Water and air quality of eight seawater swimming pools using chlorine disinfection was measured during four sampling campaigns, spread on one full-year, and in four thalassotherapy centers located in Southeast of France. Concentrations of trihalomethanes(THMs) in air and in water as well as concentrations of parameters, including nonpurgeable organic carbon(NPOC), free residual chlorine(Cl_f), pH, Kjeldhal Nitrogen(KN), salinity,conductivity, bromide ions and, water and air temperature, were measured. Water and air samples were collected in triplicates morning — at the opening of the pools —, noon and night — at the closing of the pools —, in summer and winter. Data analysis was performed by Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and rotated component matrix, from both data quality and other parameters such as TOC, aromaticity(UV_(254)), pH, hygrometry, and free residual chlorine(Cl_f). This statistical analysis demonstrates a high correlation between TOC, Cl_fand UV_(254) and THM levels found in air and water, particularly for the major ones(CHBr_3in water:300.0 μg/L mean, 1029.0 μg/L maximum; CHBr_3 in air: 266.1 μg/m~3 mean,1600.0 μg/m~3 maximum, and CHClBr_2 in water: 18.9 μg/L mean, 81.0 μg/L maximum;CHClBr_2 in air: 13.6 μg/m~3 mean, 150.0 μg/m~3maximum). These high levels of bromoform(CHBr_3) are particularly worrisome in such health institutions, even these levels do not exceed the Permissible Exposure Limit(PEL) of 5 mg/m~3 as an 8 hour time-weighted average currently fixed by various administrations, such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA).     

焦亚硫酸钠法保险粉生产废水处理的实验研究

采用超声波-Fenton试剂-曝气相结合处理保险粉生产废水。探讨了超声波-曝气对保险粉生产废水处理的协同作用以及多种因素对保险粉生产废水处理效果的影响,获得了最佳工艺条件:100mL COD为11500mg/L的废水(初始pH=5)在超声功率为200W下,辐射60min,H2O2用量1.3mL,FeSO4用量为0.06g的条件下,COD去除率达到83%。     

连续曝气模式下同步硝化反硝化的持续稳定性

为研究反应周期内同步硝化反硝化(SND)过程的持续稳定性,试验以模拟城市污水为研究对象,于恒定气量连续曝气的SBR反应器内,在反应周期内恒定不同曝气量的条件下,考察氮转化规律和DO、ORP及pH的变化规律。结果表明,SND持续稳定的时间和TN去除率随曝气量的增加而减少和降低,DO、ORP和pH曲线上出现的折点可预示SND过程的结束和完全硝化反应的开始,而pH曲线上的"谷点"可预示硝化反应的结束。由此可知,在恒定气量连续曝气模式下,SND的持续稳定时间是有限的,不能延续到反应周期结束,但可用DO、ORP和pH值作为SND过程持续稳定程度的控制参数。