Identification of Odor Causing Compounds in a Commercial Dairy Farm

The odorous air emissions from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), such as swine, poultry and dairy farms, are increasingly raising community complaints. Odorous emissions can result in health damages, psychological discomforts and adverse aesthetic effects in the community. However, these emissions are not well characterized up to now due to the lack of legislation, the limitations in sampling and instrumentation techniques, and the complexity of the emissions themselves. This study is aimed at the development of a high volume sampler and sorbent assembly to identify the odor causing compounds from a diary CAFO. The sorbent was custom designed to target the potential compounds that may exist in a dairy farm and was validated in laboratory with a synthetic odor from the swine manure. The actual samples at the diary farm were collected in spring and summer of 2005. The sorbents were solvent extracted and individual odor compounds were identified using GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy). The data obtained indicated that high volume sampling can shorten the sampling time from days to within 4 h. Both volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) have been identified from the dairy farm, such as phenol, methylphenol, 4-ethyl phenol, indole, methyl indole, benzyl alcohol, hexanoic acid, valeric acid and iso-valeric acid, together with some nitrogen containing compounds that have not been reported before.     

Dynamic contact angle effects on gas-liquid behaviors in the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with stirred tank reactor design

Liquid water management is still a critical issue in the improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance. In this work, for the first time, the liquid water behavior and transport inside the cathode of a PEMFC with a stirred tank reactor (STR) design, rather than the conventional PEMFC flow channel design, are numerically studied. The dynamic contact angle (DCA) is applied to multiple wall boundaries in the numerical model through a user-defined-function (UDF) code, i.e., STR-DCA model. Another numerical model with the static contact angle (SCA) and same operating conditions, i.e., STR-SCA model, is also developed for comparison. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is employed in the simulation to track the gas-liquid interface. The results show that the liquid water distribution and transport are significantly different between these two models, indicating the remarkable effects of DCA on the simulation results. It is also verified the capability of STR-PEMFC to reduce the liquid water flooding, showing the potential of this channel-less type fuel cell in the further development.     

2015年我国废钢铁总资源及可获量的推定

概述了国内资深专家对我国废钢铁资源现状和发展前景的看法,并对我国2015年废钢铁总资源及可获量进行推定。     

佛山水道及其支涌复氧试验研究

对几种曝气方式的溶解氧提升情况、充氧动力效率,及COD、氨氮的去除率进行了简单比较,得出微孔雾化曝气和橡胶坝曝气是适合佛山水道及其支涌河流人工复氧的最佳方法.     

混凝-气浮-加压曝气工艺处理屠宰废水

高浓度生猪屠宰废水属难治理工业废水.采用混凝-气浮-加压曝气工艺处理屠宰废水,经生产实践证明,出水水质可达到<肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准>(GB13457-92)中的一级标准.     

常温下改进型EGSB处理城市污水的中试

通过中试实验,在常温下考察了回流比、水力停留时间和冲击负荷对改进型EGSB处理城市污水效果的影响。实验结果表明,随着回流比的提高,水力停留时间的缩短,改进型EGSB的出水CODfilt是下降的,但当水力停留时间低于2 h时,出水CODCr、CODfilt和SS明显增高。改进型EGSB通过改进回流水系统及布水系统,有效地降低了沉淀区水流上升速度,提高了布水效果,同未改进的EGSB相比,出水CODCr最大下降了26.7 mg/L,CODfilt最大下降了17.8 mg/L,而出水中SS最大下降了66.3 mg/L。当容积负荷突然升高时,对2套反应器都带来冲击,但改进型EGSB比EGSB要容易从冲击中恢复稳定。     

序批式活性污泥法处理毛皮废水的研究

采用序批式活性污泥法处理毛皮模拟废水的试验条件为：水温２０℃,ＤＯ２ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤｃｒ１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＢＯＤ５ ９００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＭＬＳＳ ２１００ｍｇ／Ｌ增至２６００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右,试验结果表明,采用限制曝气方式运行的序批式活性污泥系统最不易发生污泥膨胀。     

PE微塑料对土壤水分入渗的影响及入渗模型适宜性评价

为探究微塑料对土壤水分入渗过程的影响,通过室内土柱模拟试验,设置5组微塑料添加处理(0,1,2,4,6g/kg),研究了不同微塑料含量对湿润锋运移和累积入渗量的影响,并进一步评价了主要入渗模型在微塑料污染土壤中的适用性.结果表明,湿润锋运移速率随着微塑料含量的增加呈现出先减小后增加的特征,当含量达到T2时(微塑料含量2...