曝气和阿科蔓填料对月湖围隔中的水质改善作用

在重富营养化的武汉月湖建立围隔,研究了曝气和投放阿科蔓填料对水质的改善作用。结果表明:建立围隔(5m×5m)后,会使内外水的TP浓度产生明显差异,发生水华的程度和频率增加,进而对透明度(SD)、Chla和COD造成负面影响;水下曝气、放置水花生浮床能够减轻水华发生的频率和程度。经13个月的曝气(每天2~3小时),能够明显降低水中的TN浓度,对TP和COD没有明显影响,在有水华时,能够通过抑制水华而降低Chla,提高SD;在没有水华时,对Chla和SD无明显影响。经11个月的围隔实验,投放阿科蔓(每个围隔2m)2能够能够降低COD和Chla浓度,提高SD,但对TN、TP浓度没有明显影响。     

Dynamic contact angle effects on gas-liquid behaviors in the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with stirred tank reactor design

Liquid water management is still a critical issue in the improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance. In this work, for the first time, the liquid water behavior and transport inside the cathode of a PEMFC with a stirred tank reactor (STR) design, rather than the conventional PEMFC flow channel design, are numerically studied. The dynamic contact angle (DCA) is applied to multiple wall boundaries in the numerical model through a user-defined-function (UDF) code, i.e., STR-DCA model. Another numerical model with the static contact angle (SCA) and same operating conditions, i.e., STR-SCA model, is also developed for comparison. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is employed in the simulation to track the gas-liquid interface. The results show that the liquid water distribution and transport are significantly different between these two models, indicating the remarkable effects of DCA on the simulation results. It is also verified the capability of STR-PEMFC to reduce the liquid water flooding, showing the potential of this channel-less type fuel cell in the further development.     

UASB反应器反硝化处理工业废水

采用絮状污泥成功启动升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理含甲酸、苯胺、环已酮、NO3-等的工业废水。UASB反应器以低负荷启动,10天后逐渐提高进水COD,出水COD保持在710~770 mg/L,COD去除率为40%~60%;出水TOC保持在115~314 mg/L,TOC去除率由60.3%逐渐升高至87.2%,最终维持在81%左右;出水中ρ(NO3-)维持在134~176 mg/L,NO3-去除率为90%左右,系统稳定后NO3-去除率几乎为100%。在进水COD容积负荷不超过5.00 kg/(m3·d)的条件下,实际COD容积负荷稳定在2.00 kg/(m3·d)左右,实际TOC容积负荷稳定在1.00 kg/(m3·d)以上。当进水COD容积负荷不大于4.48 kg/(m3·d)时,COD去除率为55%~74%,TOC去除率为63%~87%,NO3-去除率大于95%。     

高氨氮废水短程硝化过程中N2O释放试验研究

试验采用序批式反应器(SBR)处理高氨氮废水,逐步提高废水氨氮(NH+4-N)浓度到800 mg·L-1,通过控制曝气量实现了短程硝化.SBR周期试验表明,在低溶解氧和高游离氨等共同作用下,氨氧化菌(AOB)活性较低,导致AOB以亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2~--N)作为电子受体进行好氧反硝化,氧化亚氮(N_2O)释放因子为9.8%.静态试验控制初始NH_4~+-N为100 mg·L-1且改变曝气量(0.22~0.88 L·min~(-1))条件下,溶解氧浓度的增加能够提高硝化菌活性,N2O释放因子为0.51%~0.85%.当初始NH_4~+-N浓度为100 mg·L~(-1)且曝气量控制在0.66 L·min-1时,初始NO-2-N浓度为0~100 mg·L~(-1)对硝化菌活性影响较小,N2O释放因子为0.50%~0.71%.当溶解氧和游离氨浓度控制在适宜范围内,可维持AOB较高活性,抑制AOB发生好氧反硝化作用,降低N2O释放率.     

翻堆频率对厨余垃圾堆肥过程中H_2S和NH_3排放的影响

为研究厨余垃圾堆肥过程中翻堆频率对H2S和NH3排放的影响,以大类粗分后的厨余垃圾为研究对象,玉米秸秆为调理剂,设置4组翻堆频率不同的处理(每周2次,2周1次,2周1次和不翻堆)进行对比研究。结果表明:翻堆频率的变化对H2S的排放影响不大,对NH3的排放有显著的影响,翻堆频率过高会增加NH3的累积排放量,翻堆频率过低虽然能降低NH3的累积排放量,但会影响到堆肥产物的腐熟。综合厨余垃圾堆肥的无害化指标、H2S和NH3的排放以及最终堆肥产品的毒性检验,在实验条件下,翻堆频率设为每周1次在堆料腐熟的基础上对H2S和NH3减排效果最好。     

体积压力板仪试验操作误差分析

体积压力板仪不仅可用于测试非饱和土的脱湿曲线,还能测试其浸湿曲线,对研究土壤与水分之间的物理关系具有重要意义.本文对2bar体积压力板仪的试验操作原理和步骤进行了详细说明,重点对试验操作中可能产生的误差和各种影响因素进行了分析,并以武汉市汉阳黏土土-水特征曲线试验为例,分析了导致试验误差产生的各种影响因素,以为采用体积...     

纯氧曝气与空气曝气处理生活污水的效果比较

研究纯氧曝气与空气曝气对好氧装置处理生活污水效果以及对NH3和H2S产生量的影响。试验结果表明,与空气曝气相比,纯氧曝气的COD去除率高2.57%,NH3-N去除率高9.59%;处理7L相同体积的污水,空气曝气吹脱出的NH3是纯氧曝气的3.4倍,吹脱出的H2S平均值为12.99 ug,远大于纯氧曝气装置的0.38 ug。     

污染物质在包气带中运移规律的实验研究

通过室内淋滤实验,研究了酚,氰,砷,汞,铬在粉质轻亚粘土和中砂中的积累,运移规律：（１）土体对污染物质吸附净化均可分为强吸附阶段,饱和吸附阶段和吸附饱和阶段;（２）土体对污染物质的吸附净化强度与其粒度通常呈负相关;（３）酚,氰在包气带中降解的主要原因是自身的挥发性与生物分解作用。证实污染物质在包气带中的主要迁移形式为：Ｈ３ＡｓＯ３,Ｈ２ＡｓＯ３＾－,ＣｒＯ４＾２,Ｈｇ（ＯＨ）＾＋,ＧｇＯＨＣＬ,同     

序批式活性污泥法处理毛皮废水的研究

采用序批式活性污泥法处理毛皮模拟废水的试验条件为：水温２０℃,ＤＯ２ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤｃｒ１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＢＯＤ５ ９００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＭＬＳＳ ２１００ｍｇ／Ｌ增至２６００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右,试验结果表明,采用限制曝气方式运行的序批式活性污泥系统最不易发生污泥膨胀。     

Evaluation of trajectories calculated from ecmwf data against constant volume balloon flights during etex

This paper validates trajectories calculated from ECMWF analyses against the tracks of constant volume balloons (CVBs) released during the European tracer experiment (ETEX). The altitudes of the calculated trajectories were adjusted to the altitudes of the respective balloons in short intervals to allow direct comparisons. The agreement between the calculated trajectories and the balloon tracks was very good for the first experiment (individual errors from 1 to 26%, average 15%), and excellent (errors from 2 to 11%, average 6%) for the second one. The agreement for the second experiment was probably partly better because the CVBs travelled above the planetary boundary layer, but the small errors also indicate that the ECMWF fields of the horizontal wind were of exceptionally good quality in the second experiment. This is in sharp contrast to the results of the dispersion models which all failed in the prediction of the perfluorocarbon tracer dispersion for the second experiment. A likely explanation for this is that vertical motions, possibly on small scales, were not correctly captured by the ECMWF analyses, but it is not possible to clarify this with the CVB data.