低浓度氯苯废水在曝气生物填料塔中的降解

研究了曝气生物填料塔处理难生化降解化合物氯苯的特性,得出初始浓度为15mg/L的氯苯废水的适宜运行条件为:溶解氧约为5.5mg/L,水力停留时间约为5h,葡萄糖浓度为800mg/L,在此条件下单独用生物填料塔处理60h降解率可达16.80%。并考察了氯苯废水用超声预处理后生物降解与直接用生物降解比较,结果表明超声预处理可大大提高氯苯的可生物降解性,在30kHz+60kHz+100kHz的频率组合下超声预处理2h后再生物降解38h,氯苯的降解率可达70.12%。     

含氮农药的好氧生物降解性能及废水治理对策

从动力学角度出发,利用长期驯化的菌种,对乙草胺,阿特拉津,西草净,赛克津等４种含氮农药的好氧生物降解性能进行了研究,并对含氮农药废水提出了治理对策,结果表明,４种含氮农药的好氧生物降解性能都很差,均属于难生物降解有机物,降解过程均符合一级降解动力学模式,它们的生物降解速率常数分别为０．００３５３Ｌ（ｇ．ｈ）,０．００５７７Ｌ／（ｇ．ｈ）,０．００１６０Ｌ／（ｇ．ｈ）,０。０４５６Ｌ／（ｇ．ｈ）进一     

好氧污泥絮体与厌氧颗粒污泥的剪切稳定性分析

通过标准的剪切实验装置检测了好氧污泥絮体和厌氧颗粒污泥在不同剪切条件下剥离的分散胶体浓度的变化.结果表明,厌氧颗粒污泥的剪切敏感性(KSS)比好氧活性污泥高1个数量级,证明了好氧活性污泥的剪切稳定性更好.好氧活性污泥絮体在剪切下剥离的分散胶体平衡浓度(md,∞)分别随着污泥悬浊液的固体浓度(mT)和剪切强度(G)的增加而增加.AE模型的模拟结果显示,好氧活性污泥絮体样品1在剪切作用下粘附-剥离的平衡常数(Km)比样品2的高,相应的DG0adh/RT值更小,证明其在剪切作用下的粘附过程更易发生.修正AE模型可以更好地模拟不同剪切强度下污泥絮体上分散胶体的剥离过程,其不仅能够给出未施加剪切的稳定状态时因布朗运动而导致的分散胶体浓度,而且能确定与污泥絮体上分散胶体的剥离能量相关的DH/R值.模拟结果表明,好氧活性污泥絮体样品1上分散胶体的剥离需要更多的能量,剪切强度的升高对样品2的影响更加明显.活性污泥剪切稳定性的差异证明了其与污泥结构、性质以及污水处理厂运行效果之间的关系比较复杂.     

丝状菌对好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响

通过在SBR中分别接种85%的絮状活性污泥和15%的丝状菌,采用以葡萄糖为碳源配制的人工模拟进水,研究丝状菌对好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响。结果在15 d内培养出理化性能良好的好氧颗粒污泥,表明丝状菌能够加快好氧颗粒污泥的形成。反应器运行期间,COD、NH4+-N、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别为80.0%、86.9%、70.0%和42.5%,且出水水质稳定,表明好氧颗粒污泥具有良好的除污效果。     

自热式高温好氧消化工艺的氧化还原电位研究

采用自热式高温好氧消化(ATAD)中试工艺系统,通过间歇式运行,改变进泥初始ρ(VSS)和曝气强度,考察了系统中氧化还原电位(ORP)的变化情况.对进泥初始ρ(VSS)为45.4和34.2 g/L的曝气强度恒定在1.0 m3/h,搅拌转速为95r/min,停留时间为25 d;初始ρ(VSS)为40.7 g/L污泥的曝气强度在0.4～1.0 m3/h间由大到小进行调节,搅拌转速为95 r/min,停留时间为44 d.结果表明,初始ρ(VSS)与曝气强度对ORP有影响,当曝气强度充足时,ORP呈先下降再回升趋势,最终ORP能达到0 mV以上.对于pH的变化,初始ρ(VSS)为45.4和34.2 g/L的污泥规律相似,均呈先上升后下降趋势,初始ρ(VSS)为34.2 g/L的污泥pH从开始的6.01上升到8.11,然后下降到5.60～6.03.但初始ρ(VSS)为40.7 g/L的污泥pH的变化规律有所不同,pH一直呈上升趋势,从开始的7.33到最终的9.16.表明由于溶胞作用,系统中ρ(总氮),ρ(氨氮),ρ(总磷)较高,pH上升,若曝气强度充足,pH随后下降,ORP回升;若曝气强度较低,pH则一直呈上升趋势,ORP则处于较低值.因此ORP与进泥初始ρ(VSS),曝气强度,反应温度,ρ(氨氮)和pH等因素有关.从ORP的测试结果看,ATAD系统处于厌氧到微好氧之间的状态.      

干硝化好氧颗粒污泥对Pb2+的吸附特性与机理

硝化好氧颗粒污泥具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、沉淀性能好等特征,为考察其在重金属废水处理中的应用效果,以干硝化好氧颗粒污泥为吸附剂,研究其对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附特性及影响因素. 结果表明,Langmuir等温吸附方程可以很好地拟合干硝化好氧颗粒污泥对Pb2+的吸附过程,说明Pb2+在干硝化好氧颗粒上的吸附属于单分子层吸附,25 ℃下的饱和吸附容量为79.58 mg/g,R2为0.990 1. 吸附动力学分析结果表明,该动态吸附平衡过程遵循伪二级动力学方程,废水初始ρ(Pb2+)分别为20、40、60 mg/L时,R2分别为1.000 0、1.000 0、0.999 9,同时颗粒内扩散方程RC(关联系数,分别为30.706%、28.019%、24.188%)均低于50%,表明颗粒内扩散是控制Pb2+吸附速率的关键步骤. 红外扫描分析(FTIR)结果表明,吸附过程中Pb2+主要与干硝化好氧颗粒污泥表面的O—H、N—H、CO、CC、C—OH、C—O—C等基团发生了作用. 吸附前、后的pH_ZCP(零点电荷)由2.5升至3.1,说明Pb2+在干硝化好氧颗粒污泥上的吸附属于专性吸附,即发生了紧密层吸附. 研究显示,干硝化好氧颗粒污泥对Pb2+具有较好的吸附效果,吸附机制主要包括无机微沉淀、表面络合、内层络合反应和离子交换等.      

Treatment of swine wastewater in aerobic granular reactors: comparison of different seed granules as factors

The granulation process, physic-chemical properties, pollution removal ability and bacterial communities of aerobic granules with different feed-wastewater (synthetic wastewater, R1; swine wastewater, R2), and the change trend of some parameters of two types of granules in long-term operated reactors treating swine wastewater were investigated in this experiment. The result indicated that aerobic granulation with the synthetic wastewater had a faster rate compared with swine wastewater and that full granulation in R1 and R2 was reached on the 30th day and 39th day, respectively. However, although the feed wastewater also had an obvious effect on the biomass fraction and extracellular polymeric substances of the aerobic granules during the granulation process, these properties remained at a similar level after long-term operation. Moreover, a similar increasing trend could also be observed in terms of the nitrogen removal efficiencies of the aerobic granules in both reactors, and the average specific removal rates of the organics and ammonia nitrogen at the steady-state stage were 35.33 mg·g⁻¹ VSS and 51.46 mg·g⁻¹ VSS for R1, and 35.47 mg·g⁻¹ VSS and 51.72 mg·g⁻¹ VSS for R2, respectively. In addition, a shift in the bacterial diversity occurred in the granulation process, whereas bacterial communities in the aerobic granular reactor were not affected by the seed granules after long-term operation.     

贫营养好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性

为了分离贫营养好氧反硝化菌,研究其系统发育地位和脱氮特性,以期为微污染水库水体生物修复提供依据.从水库底层沉积物中,采用改良的富集驯化方法分离好氧反硝化菌,通过N-J法进行系统发育分析以及选择培养基研究其脱氮特性.初筛分离出196株好氧反硝化菌,其中14株为高效菌株(ZHF2、ZHF3、ZHF5、ZHF6、ZHF8、ZMF2、ZMF5、ZMF6、N299、G107、81Y、SF9、SF18和SXF14).经形态学,生理生化,和16S rRNA基因序列分析,ZHF3、ZHF5、ZHF6、ZMF2、G107、81Y、SF18和SXF14为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.),ZHF2和ZHF8为新鞘脂菌属(Novosphingobium sp.),ZMF5为水杆菌属(Aquabacterium sp.),ZMF6为鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingomonas sp.),N299为动胶杆菌属(Zoogloea sp.),SF9为代尔夫特菌属(Delftia sp.).其中菌株G107和81Y的反硝化效果最好,72h的硝氮去除率达到98.88% 和99.44%.并以G107和81Y为代表进行一系列的脱氮实验,结果显示出良好的短程反硝化、硝化和源水脱氮能力.贫营养好氧反硝化菌的分离,补充和丰富了好氧反硝化菌的种类,其高效的脱氮特性为低氮微污染水体的生物修复提供了技术支撑.     

Bacterial Degradation of Vegetable Oils

Following initial experiments presented elsewhere (2IOPS), the bacterial degradation of two vegetable oils was investigated in some detail. the number of aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria, oil degrading and sulphate reducing bacteria were quantified during simulated spills on a salt marsh. the sediment fatty acid composition was also studied using GC-MS analysis. Degradation of linseed and sunflower oils was concomitant with an increase in the numbers of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Fatty acids analysis revealed preferential degradation of the principal components of the oils (18:3ω3 for linseed oil and 18:2ω6 for sunflower oil). the presence of several isomers of the usual polyunsaturated fatty acids was also detected. the identification of some of these new fatty acids has been carried out. Possible pathways of degradation of these vegetable oils are suggested.     

淀山湖蓝藻碎屑的好氧降解和营养盐释放规律研究

收集淀山湖的水华蓝藻,经超声波处理后,研究死亡蓝藻的好氧降解及营养盐释放规律.结果表明,蓝藻细胞有机碳的矿化速率为9.415mg/(L×d),有机氮的氨化速率为0.441mg/(L×d),有机磷的降解速率为0.044mg/(L×d),好氧降解将会造成溶解态营养盐的大量释放,降解后硝态氮和正磷酸盐分别比初始值高4.22倍和4.20倍.