超声波-缺氧/好氧消化过程污泥胞外聚合物和溶出物的变化研究

为研究超声波促进污泥缺氧/好氧消化的机制,采用均匀试验得到的最佳超声波参数与缺氧/好氧消化衔接进行间歇试验,通过生物化学分析法研究了消化过程污泥EPS指标(多糖、蛋白质、DNA和总量)和相应溶出物的变化趋势,同时以未经超声处理的消化过程作对照.均匀试验结果表明,在超声波声能密度0.1 W/mL,超声处理时间15 min...     

好氧颗粒活性污泥的培养及理化特性研究

研究厌氧－好氧交替工艺中好氧颗粒活性污泥的培养和理化特性,在普通好氧曝气条件下,反应顺内培养出了好氧颗粒活性污泥,颗粒直径０．５－１．５ｍｍ,比重１．００７左右,含水率９７－９８％,ＭＬＳＳ４．０４－６．８８％ｇ／Ｌ,ＳＶ１２０－４５ｍｌ／ｇ,一般约３０ｍｌ／ｇ,颗粒污泥受阻沉降层的均匀沉降速度ｖｓ约２．１５ｃｍ／ｍｉｎ,临界浓度时沉降速度值ｖ２约０．３５ｃｍｉｎ,颗粒污泥的耗氧速率ＯＵＲＷ１．２     

白洋淀冬季沉积物好氧反硝化菌垂向分布特征及群落构建

为了探究白洋淀冬季沉积物好氧反硝化菌群落垂向分布特征、关键物种和群落构建过程,结合好氧反硝化功能基因（napA）高通量测序技术,进行了微生物多样性分析、物种差异分析、关键物种识别和群落构建过程研究.结果表明,该时期白洋淀沉积物高通量测序得到13 845个OTUs,共分为10个门类,其中第一大门类为变形菌门,达到29.03%～94.46%,从表层到底层呈下降趋势;占比前二的纲为β-Proteobacteria和γ-Proteobacteria;占比前三的属为Cupriavidus、Aeromonas和Thauera.微生物α多样性显示垂向分组间表层沉积物Chao1指数最大为3 327.67±621.28,明显高于底层（2 193.96±455.57）;中层沉积物Simpson指数最大为0.97±0.013,明显高于表层（0.94±0.029）.主成分分析和Venn图显示表层和底层间差异性最显著,Adonis分析表明垂向间存在极其显著差异（P<0.001）;随机森林分析和网络分析的关键物种有交叉相同的物种（Bordetella）,但差异贡献程度最高的物种不同,分别为Ferrimona...     

好氧颗粒污泥的培养及其微观特性表征

采用厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥,在SBR反应器内培养好氧颗粒污泥,并对其微观特征进行了研究。COD负荷为1.5kg/m3·h～1.8kg/m3·h,表面气体流速在0.0052m/s之间,沉淀时间控制在10～8min时,有利于好氧颗粒污泥的形成。20d后完成好氧颗粒污泥的驯化和培养。研究发现培养的好氧颗粒污泥微生物相以杆菌和丝状菌为主,球菌较少。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察好氧颗粒污泥的微观结构,颗粒污泥具有不平整的表面,轮廓清晰,表面有薄层粘液覆盖并有绒毛状结构。颗粒污泥表面和内部有明显的孔洞或孔隙。研究结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥具有良好的有机物降解能力和同步硝化反硝化能力。     

同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术

从宏观环境理论、微环境理论、微生物理论三个方面阐述了同步硝化反硝化的作用机理,并结合目前的国内外研究成果综述了其影响因素,同时介绍了同步硝化反硝化技术的应用现状,提出了该技术今后的研究方向.     

电场促进畜禽粪便好氧堆肥中DOM演化的光谱学研究

好氧堆肥是畜禽粪便处置和资源化利用的主要途径.传统好氧堆肥（CAC）技术存在堆体温度低、发酵周期长、腐熟效果差等缺陷.最近研究发现,电场辅助好氧堆肥（EAAC）可快速促进堆肥腐熟,缩短堆肥周期,减少温室气体排放,具有潜在的应用前景.然而,电场促进堆肥过程中水溶性有机物（DOM）演化及腐殖化过程尚未清晰.基于此,本文采用紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和三维荧光光谱（3D-EEM）等多种光谱技术分析了EAAC过程中DOM的演变规律.UV-Vis与3D-EEM分析表明,EAAC过程中,蛋白类物质在3 d内几乎被完全分解,富里酸和腐殖酸类物质在高温期（6~18 d）大量形成.EAAC的腐殖化指数（HI=HA/FA）高于CAC,E₄/E₆低于CAC,说明堆肥过程中DOM芳香化和腐殖化的速度与程度均优于CAC. FTIR分析显示,EAAC过程中DOM的碳水化合物、脂肪类物质逐渐减少,芳香族化合物不断增加,其腐殖化趋势明显比CAC更快.相关性分析显示,P_Ⅴ,n/P_Ⅲ,n与A_240~400、SUVA₂₅₄、E₂₅₃/E₂₂₀等UV-Vis光谱指标呈显著正相关（r>0.8, p<0.05）,可以作为评价EAAC腐熟度的重要指标.上述结果表明,电场辅助好氧堆肥可加速DOM中蛋白类物质分解,加快富里酸和腐殖酸类物质形成,促进DOM结构的芳香化.     

多氯联苯的生物降解研究

PCBs的氧化反应是通过加氧酶的作用,分子氧在PCBs的无氯环或带较少氯原子环的2,3位发生反应,形成顺二氢醇混合物PCBs的完全降解需要不同系列微生物的协同作用,这些微生物可以利用不同的PCBs降解产物。另外氯原子的位置和数量也影响着微生物氧化攻击的效率。UNTERMAN等假设出A.eutrophus sp.,P. putida和Corynebacterium sp.对于PCBs的氧化机制。Alcalegenes eutrophus和P.putida sp.等微生物是对多氯联苯2,3-位的亲核攻击发生作用。对于Corynebacteriun降解混合物的反应则是对污染物3,4位的亲核攻击。     

应用织物填料对传统活性污泥法改造中试

采用织物填料的高效水解-好氧生物处理工艺进行城市污水厂,传统活性污泥法改造中试。介绍了该工艺的设计特点、参数及其运行效果。通过试验,结果表明,采用水解-好氧生物处理工艺投资少、运行费用低、处理效果持续稳定。在污水量为1·4×104m3/d,曝气池停留时间1·89h、气水比减少一半的情况下,该工艺处理城市污水BOD5、CODCr、SS出水指标达到国家一级排放标准,除磷脱氮效果明显优于传统活性污泥法,对总氮的平均去除率高于50%,对总磷的去除率高于70%。该方法适宜于中小型污水处理厂的改造。     

Effect of wastewater COD/N ratio on aerobic nitrifying sludge granulation and microbial population shift

The effect of COD/N ratio on the granulation process and microbial population succession was investigated. Four identical sequencing batch reactors, R1, R2, R3 and R4, were operated with various initial COD/N ratios ranging from 0/200 to 800/200 (m/m). Ethanol was fed as the source of COD. Aerobic granules were successfully cultivated in R2 and R3, operating with the COD/N ratio of 200/200 and 400/200, respectively. Scanning electron microscope observations indicated that short rod-shaped and spherical bacteria were dominant in R2, while granules produced in R3 were surrounded with a large amount of filamentous bacteria. The average specific nitritation rate in R2 and R3 were 0.019 and 0.008 mg N/(mg MLVSS.hr), respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization results demonstrated that nitrifying bacteria population was enriched remarkably in R2. It indicated that nitrification ability and nitrifying bacteria population were enriched remarkably at low COD/N ratio. However, no granules were formed in R1 and R4 which might attribute to either limited or excessive extracellular polymeric substances production. This study contributed to a better understanding of the role of COD/N ratio in nitrifying sludge granulation.     

Biodegradation of p-cresol by aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor

The cultivation of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor for the biodegradation of p-cresol was studied. The reactor was started with 100 mg/L of p-cresol. Aerobic granules first appeared within one month of start up. The granules were large and strong and had a compact structure. The diameter of stable granules was in the range of 1-5 mm. The integrity coefficient and granules density was found to be 96% and 1046 kg/m³, respectively. The settling velocity of granules was found to be in the range of 2× 10^-2-6× 10^-2 m/sec. The aerobic granules were able to degrade p-cresol upto 800 mg/L at a removal efficiency of 88%. Specific p-cresol degradation rate in aerobic granules followed Haldane model for substrate inhibition. High specific p-cresol degradation rate up to 0.96 g p-cresol/(g VSS. day) were sustained upto p-cresol concentration of 400 mg/L. Higher removal efficiency, good settling characteristics of aerobic granules, makes sequencing batch reactor suitable for enhancing the microorganism potential for biodegradation of inhibitory compounds.