输水情景下白洋淀好氧反硝化菌群落对溶解性有机物的响应

溶解性有机物（DOM）是影响微生物群落演变的重要因素,而生态输水是白洋淀的一个重要特征,为了探究输水情境下DOM对好氧反硝化菌的影响,本文结合水体DOM的组分解析和好氧反硝化高通量测序技术,进行了水体好氧反硝化菌对DOM的响应研究.结果显示,白洋淀水体DOM的相对浓度存在显著差异,河口区要低于内部区;DOM呈现出较强自生源特征,河口区具有更高的分子量和更强的腐殖化;平行因子法解析出3种类蛋白组分和1种类腐殖质组分,类蛋白组分占比达到35.64%~96.38%,与荧光区域积分得到类蛋白占主体的结果相一致.与此同时,该时期水体好氧反硝化菌主要属于变形菌门（Protebacterice）,主要包括Cupriavidus、Aeromonas、Thauera、Shewanella和Pseudomonas,与随机森林筛选出的指示物种相一致;网络分析得到35个网络关键节点,主要隶属于Thauera、Cupriavidus以及Unclassified_bacteria;冗余分析（RDA）显示类腐殖质物质是影响水体整体好氧反硝化菌群落组成的因子,类蛋白物质是影响指示物种群落和关键节点群落结构分布的重要因素.综上可知,水体溶解性有机物中类蛋白组分可以作为筛选适于生态输水期水体特征的耐低温高效好氧反硝化菌的碳源选择.     

蜡染印花工艺废水处理设计及运行

设计运行了整个蜡染印花废水处理工程,皂化脱蜡废水松香回收新工艺,即采用两步调pH法-周边自重力进水法,回收率可达98%以上;机械洗蜡废水分流后经双级气浮处理,蜡回收率和处理水回用率可达90%以上;洗蜡废水经蜡回收后出水与其他废水混合后经初级混凝沉淀-水解酸化-好氧生化(A/O工艺)-辐流沉淀组合工艺处理,出水ρ(COD)均值约为130 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为3.36 mg/L,然后进入市政管网进行深度处理。     

Nitrogen-retaining property of compost in an aerobic thermophilic composting reactor for the sanitary disposal of human feces

Aerobic composting is a method for the sanitary disposal of human feces as is used in bio-toilet systems. As the products of composting can be utilized as a fertilizer, it would be beneficial if the composting conditions could be more precisely controlled for the retention of fecal nitrogen as long as possible in the compost. In this study, batch experiments were conducted using a closed aerobic thermophilic composting reactor with sawdust as the bulk matrix to simulate the condition of a bio-toilet for the sanitary disposal of human feces. Attention was paid to the characteristics of nitrogen transformation. Under the controlled conditions of temperature at 60°C, moisture content at 60%,anda continuous air supply, more than 70% fecal organic removal was obtained, while merely 17% fecal nitrogen loss was observed over a two-week composting period. The nitrogen loss was found to occur mainly in the first 24 h with the rapid depletion of inorganic nitrogen but with an almost unchanged organic nitrogen content. The fecal NH₄-N which was the main component of the inorganic nitrogen ( > 90%) decreased rapidly in the first day, decreased at a slower rate over the following days, and finally disappeared entirely. The depletion of NH₄-N was accompanied by the accumulation of NH₃ gas in the ammonia absorber connected to the reactor. A mass balance between the exhausted NH₃ gas and the fecal NH₄-N content in the first 24 hours indicated that the conversion of ammonium into gaseous ammonia was the main reason for nitrogen loss. Thermophilic composting could be considered as a way to keep a high organic nitrogen content in the compost for better utilization as a fertilizer.     

一株水体高效氨化菌的分离及特性研究

从自然界分离纯化100株细菌,并通过利用藻细胞残体培养基进行筛选,最终得到一株氨化能力较强的氨化细菌BH11,经生理生化结合16S rDNA菌种鉴定,该菌株被鉴定为戴尔福特菌属食酸代夫特菌(Delftia acidovorans)。通过对该菌相关特性的研究发现,该菌能够高效降解水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae,PCC7806)细胞残体,在28℃,200 r/min,黑暗条件下,培养3 d对藻细胞残体的降解率达到37.26%,平均氨化速率达0.591 mg/(L.h)。进一步研究表明:该菌同时具有异养硝化和好养反硝化能力,28℃,200 r/min,分别培养6 d对NH4+-N(100 mg/L)的转化率达到79.609%,平均硝化速率0.553 mg/(L.h),NO3--N(100 mg/L)的转化率达到100%,平均反硝化速率0.694 mg/(L.h),食酸代夫特菌BH11可以快速降解蓝藻残体,同时具有氨化,异养硝化、好养反硝化特性,其在富营养化水体治理中具有极好的应用前景。     

Estimation of Aerobic Capacity and Determination of Its Associated Factors Among Male Workers of Industrial Sector of Iran

Introduction. The aim of this study was to estimate maximal aerobic capacity (V_O2max), to determine its associated factors among workers of industrial sector of Iran and to develop a regression equation for subjects’ V_O2max. Methods. In this study, 500 healthy male workers employed in Shiraz industries participated voluntarily. The subjects’ V_O2max was assessed with the ergocycle test according to the Åstrand protocol. Required data was collected with a questionnaire covering demographic details (i.e., age, job tenure, marital status, education, nature of work, shift work, smoking and weekly exercises). Results. The subject’s mean V_O2max was 2.69 ± 0.263 L/min. The results showed that there was an association between V_O2max and age, BMI, hours of exercise and smoking, but there was no association between V_O2max and height, weight, nature of work and working schedule. On the basis of the results, regression equations were developed to estimate V_O2max. Conclusion. Final regression equation developed in this study may be used to estimate V_O2max reliably without the need to use other laboratory instruments for aerobic measurement.     

氨氧化菌混培物在O2/微量NO2下的氨氧化动力学

运用序批式试验,在无分子氧条件下,确定了好氧氨氧化菌的NO₂型氨氧化动力学方程,得到了最大氨氧化速率［q_NO2,max=0.144　mg·(mg·h)^-1］、二氧化氮半饱和常数(k_NO2=0.821 μmol·L^-1）和二氧化氮抑制性常数（k_i=1.721 μmol·L^-1）.在微量NO₂气体中添加2% O₂氧气后,氨氧化速率明显提高,最大氨氧化速率发生在体积分数2% O₂和50×10^-6 NO₂的条件下,达到0.198 　mg·(mg·h)^-1.在21%　O₂和微量NO₂条件下,氨氧化速率继续大幅度提高;在21%　O₂和100×10^-6　NO₂时氨氧化速率达到0.477 　mg·(mg·h)^-1,比无NO₂空气曝气条件下氨氧化速率高3倍.提出了NO₂表观强化氨氧化函数的概念,建立了在O₂和微量NO₂混合气体下的氨氧化动力学方程,利用2%　O₂和微量NO₂条件下的实验结果验证了动力学方程,讨论了NO₂强化氨氧化的机理.     

一株好氧反硝化细菌的分离鉴定及反硝化能力

利用驯化活性污泥的方法筛选出一株好氧反硝化细菌G3,该菌在碳源充足且溶解氧为(4.0±1.0)mg·L-1条件下,24h内对NO-2-N积累量为12.03 mg·L-1,对NO-3-N的去除率为91.09%.扫描电镜观察其形态特征为(0.4～0.6)μm×(1.2～2.0)μm的短杆菌.16SrDNA序列分析表明,该菌与Pseudomonas stutzeri的相似性为100%.利用MEGA软件对该菌株与已报道的相关微生物进行系统发育分析,并克隆出与好氧反硝化相关的周质硝酸盐还原酶的亚基napA基因,初步判定筛选菌株具有周质硝酸盐还原酶.     

好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器的研究进展

综述了好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器(MBR)在废水生物处理中的研究进展,着重介绍了MBR中好氧颗粒污泥的特性、好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮的去除特性及其对膜污染控制的特性,并在此基础上展望了好氧颗粒污泥MBR技术的发展方向。     

Degradation and mineralization of 2-chloro-, 3-chloro- and 4-chlorobiphenyl by a newly characterized natural bacterial strain isolated from an electrical transformer fluid-contaminated soil

A bacterium classified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain IR08 by phenotypic typing coupled with 16S rRNA gene analysis was isolated from a soil contaminated with electrical transformer ?uid for over sixty years using Aroclor 1221 as an enrichment substrate. The substrate utilization profiles revealed that IR08 could grow on all three monochlorobiphenyls (CBs), 2,4'- and 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl as well as 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA), 3-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,3-dichlorobenzoate. Unusually, growth was poorly sustaine...     

HSL好氧生物流化床中水力学特性的研究

实验研究了HSL好氧生物流化床在不同曝气方式（填料、填装率、曝气水深、微孔曝气与单孔曝气等）下的流化曝气量,结果表明：流化曝气量随填料填装率增加而增大,当填料填装率超过90％,增大曝气量已不可能使填料完全流化;填料流化曝气量先随曝气水深增大而减小,后又随之增加;采用单孔曝气较微孔曝气易实现填料流化,但此时充氧效率会受到一定影响。