Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from different soil fractions by persulfate oxidation

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different soil fractions of contaminated soil was investigated by using activated persulfate oxidation remediation in our research. The results showed that the light fraction, which accounted for only 10% of the soil, contained 30% of the PAHs at a concentration of 4352?mg/kg. The heavy fraction contained more high-molecular-weight PAHs, and the total PAH concentration was 625?mg/kg. After being oxidized, the removal rate of PAHs was 39% in the light fraction and nearly 90% in the heavy fraction. Among the different fractions of the heavy fraction, humic acid contained the highest concentration of PAHs, and consequently, the highest removal efficiency of PAHs was also in humic acid. Compared with the light fraction, the heavy fraction has more aromatic compounds and those compounds were broken down during the oxidation process, which may be the removal mechanism involved in the oxidation of high-ring PAHs. Similarly, the enhancement of C = C bonds after oxidation can also explain the poor removal of high-ring PAHs in the light fraction. These results imply that different fractions of soil vary in composition and structure, leading to differences in the distribution and oxidation efficiencies of PAHs.     

基于微生物相互作用机理的完全耦合活性污泥模型研究

根据微生物生长机理,推导出微生物的耦合作用机理并在该机理的基础上改进了ASM3 Bio-P模型.假设活性污泥系统中有机物氧化过程、生物硝化过程、生物反硝化过程、生物除磷过程可同时存在,在ASM3 Bio-P模型上添加相关的开关函数,推导出完全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM).基于计算机程序进行数值模拟,并将FCASM模拟结果与实测值以及ASM3 Bio-P模型模拟值进行对比.结果表明,完全耦合活性污泥模型对氨氮模拟的稳态出水值为1.90 g·m-3,ASM3 Bio-P模型模拟的氨氮稳态出水值为0 g·m-3,而实测的氨氮稳态出水值为1.50 g·m-3,完全耦合活性污泥模型的结果更接近真实值.     

不同渗滤液循环方式对填埋层甲烷产生的影响

通过填埋模拟柱 ,实验室研究了以我国大城市生活垃圾组成为依据的新鲜垃圾填埋层在不同渗滤液循环方式条件下甲烷产生的规律 .渗滤液循环方式包括 :原液循环、好氧预处理 (SBR)后循环、与陈垃圾出水混合后循环 .结果表明 :新鲜垃圾填埋层初期渗滤液COD、VFA浓度高 ,原液循环导致有机酸的积累 ,抑制了甲烷化进程 ;初期渗滤液经预处理控制一定COD、VFA浓度后循环 ,能够显著地缩短产甲烷滞后时间、加速甲烷化进程 ;当填埋层进入稳定的甲烷化阶段后 ,渗滤液循环才能有效地降解渗滤液中的有机污染 ,近 10 0 %地转化为填埋气体.     

An autotrophic nitrogen removal process：Short-cut nitrification combined with ANAMMOX for treating diluted effluent from an UASB reactor fed by landfill leachate

A combined process consisting of a short-cut nitrification (SN) reactor and an anaerobic ammonium oxidation upflow anaerobic sludge bed (ANAMMOX) reactor was developed to treat the diluted effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating high ammonium municipal landfill leachate.The SN process was performed in an aerated upflow sludge bed (AUSB) reactor (working volume 3.05 L),treating about 50% of the diluted raw wastewater.The ammonium removal efficiency and the ratio of NO 2 N to NOx-N in the effluent were both higher than 80%,at a maximum nitrogen loading rate of 1.47 kg/(m 3 ·day).The ANAMMOX process was performed in an UASB reactor (working volume 8.5 L),using the mix of SN reactor effluent and diluted raw wastewater at a ratio of 1:1.The ammonium and nitrite removal efficiency reached over 93% and 95%,respectively,after 70-day continuous operation,at a maximum total nitrogen loading rate of 0.91 kg/(m 3 ·day),suggesting a successful operation of the combined process.The average nitrogen loading rate of the combined system was 0.56 kg/(m 3 ·day),with an average total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency 87%.The nitrogen in the effluent was mostly nitrate.The results provided important evidence for the possibility of applying SN-ANAMMOX after UASB reactor to treat municipal landfill leachate.     

高温好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其反硝化性能研究

通过高温筛选,从燃煤电厂生物滴滤系统填料的生物膜上分离出1株高效好氧反硝化细菌TAD1.该菌株革兰氏染色呈阴性,短杆状,大小为(0.67～0.89)μm×(1.03～1.41)μm;经生理生化特性和基于16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定该菌为螯台球菌属(Chelatococcus 8p.).对菌株TAD1的反硝化性能进...     

进料浓度对鸡粪长期高温甲烷发酵的影响

通过固定水力停留时间（HRT）为20d,逐步提高进料总固体（TS）浓度为5.0%,7.5%和10.0%的方式提高有机负荷（OLR）,在高温（55±1）℃条件下开展鸡粪长期甲烷发酵实验并测定了各阶段污泥的比产甲烷活性（SMA）,探究氨氮浓度对鸡粪高温甲烷发酵的影响.结果显示,当进料TS由5.0%增至10.0%,出料氨氮浓度由（2.5±0.3）g/L增至（6.1±0.2）g/L,挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）由（0.4±0.1）g/L增至（26.1±1.5）g/L,pH值由（8.3±0.2）降至（6.9±0.1）,产气率由（267.2±12.5）mL/g TS_in降至49.8±8.2mL/g TS_in,甲烷浓度由（67.2±1.3）%降至（36.0±1.7）%.长时间采用TS 10.0%的进料浓度,发酵系统中氨氮浓度最高达到7.5g/L,VFAs浓度达到27.0g/L,产气下降明显.氨氮抑制鸡粪高温甲烷发酵产气的初始浓度为2.5~3.0g/L.进料TS大于7.5%,鸡粪高温甲烷发酵会受到氨氮抑制.氨氮浓度的升高导致高温发酵体系利用乙酸产甲烷的能力降低,氨氮浓度达到5.5g/L,SMA降低60.0%;氨氮浓度达到7.0g/L,污泥利用乙酸产甲烷的活动几乎停止.     

单级SBR生物膜中全程自养脱氮的研究

研究了具有全程自养脱氮作用的生物膜中无机碳源浓度、pH值、溶解氧(DO)对全程自养脱氮的影响.结果表明,当NaHCO3浓度从1.75g/L上升到2.50g/L时,反应体系中的pH值从7.6～8.0上升到8.8左右,氨氮转化率和总无机氮去除率分别急剧下降到53%和48.8%.在进水氨氮负荷为60g/(m³·d)时,最佳DO应控制在0.5～0.7mg/L,此时氨氮转化率达到90%以上.     

蒽醌修饰石墨毡电极预处理头孢合成废水

以钛涂钌电极为阳极、自制蒽醌修饰石墨毡电极为阴极,对头孢合成废水(COD=25 000~30 000 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)=850~1 300 mg/L、色度为2 300~2 680度)进行了电化学氧化预处理,优化了电解条件,并对电化学体系的动力学和稳定性进行了分析。实验结果表明:蒽醌的存在可改善电化学氧化降解效果;在电解时间50 min、电流密度0.14 A/cm2、Na2SO4浓度0.1 mol/L、极板间距2 cm、初始废水p H 7.0的条件下,废水的COD、色度、NH3-N的去除率分别可达45.3%,66.9%,33.6%;BOD5/COD由处理前的0.27增至0.40,可生化性得到改善;COD、色度、NH3-N的电化学氧化降解过程均近似符合一级动力学方程;且该电化学体系的应用稳定性良好。     

催化湿式氧化乐果农药废水及催化剂的研究

通过共沉淀法制备了用于湿式氧化乐果农药废水的Cu/Mn复合氧化物催化剂,研究了沉淀剂种类、沉淀温度、焙烧温度和活性组分配比等因素对Cu/Mn复合氧化物催化剂的活性及稳定性的影响,确定了最佳制备条件,利用BET比表面积测定和XRD对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明:优化条件制备的Cu/Mn复合氧化物催化剂催化湿式过氧化氢氧化处理乐果农药废水时,具有较高的催化活性和稳定性。催化剂用量以6 g/L,反应温度80℃,过氧化氢加入量为12.0 g/L,反应时间60 min,COD去除率为89.5%,活性组分溶出量较小。     

Combined alkaline and ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge beforeaerobic digestion

Alkaline and ultrasonic sludge disintegration can both be used as pretreatments of waste activated sludge (WAS) for improving the subsequent anaerobic or aerobic digestion. The pretreatment has been carried out using different combination of these two methods in this study. The effect was evaluated based on the quantity of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in the pretreated sludge as well as the degradation of organic matter in the following aerobic digestion. For WAS samples with combined pretreatment, the released COD was in high level than those with ultrasonic or alkaline treatment. When combined with the same ultrasonic treatment, NaOH treatment resulted in more solubilization of WAS than Ca(OH)2. For combined NaOH and ultrasonic treatments with different sequences, the released COD were in the order: simultaneous treatment > ultrasonic treatment following NaOH treatment > NaOH treatment following ultrasonic treatment. For simultaneous treatment, low NaOH dosage (100 g/kg dry solid), short duration (30 min) of NaOH treatment, and low ultrasonic specific energy (7 500 kJ/kg dry solid) were beneficial for sludge disintegration. Using combined NaOH and ultrasonic pretreatment with the optimium parameters, the degradation efficiency of organic matter was increased from 38.0% to 50.7%, which is much higher than with ultrasonic (42.5%) or with NaOH pretreatment (43.5%) in the subsequent aerobic digestion at the same retention time.