全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM3)Ⅰ:建模机理及数学表征

在充分分析活性污泥系统中生物反应机理的基础上,建立了活性污泥系统生物去除营养物质的细观机理模型--全耦合活性污泥模型(Fully Coupled Activated Sludge Model No.3,简称FCASM3).FCASM3将系统中微生物划分为8类菌群,包含31种组分、72个子过程;该模型的主要特点是将活性污泥系统中的微生物进一步细化,充分考虑了系统中微生物间的相互作用.FCASM3引入了硝化-反硝化过程中的中间产物亚硝酸盐.实现了对两步硝化-反硝化过程的模拟;FCASM3不仅包含聚糖菌的有关生物反应过程,而且还考虑了聚磷菌(非反硝化聚磷菌和反硝化聚磷菌)以及聚糖菌的厌氧维持过程,为直接体现温度对生物反应的影响,FCASM3将温度作为一个变量直接耦合到生物反应速率方程中.     

污泥厌氧消化技术的研究与进展

厌氧消化是目前国际上应用最为广泛的污泥稳定化和资源化的方法,随着全球性的能源危机以及各国可持续发展和环保法规的相继出台,该技术将有更加广阔的发展前景。阐述了厌氧消化的基本原理和应用情况,讨论了近年国外针对厌氧消化预处理技术和不同运行条件对厌氧消化反应效果的影响以及不同污泥处理工艺产能效果等方面研究成果及最新进展。     

好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器的研究进展

综述了好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器(MBR)在废水生物处理中的研究进展,着重介绍了MBR中好氧颗粒污泥的特性、好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮的去除特性及其对膜污染控制的特性,并在此基础上展望了好氧颗粒污泥MBR技术的发展方向。     

Solubility of ion and trace metals from stabilized sewage sludge by fly ash and alkaline mine tailing

Stabilized sewage sludge （SS） by fly ash （FA） and alkaline mine tailing as artificial soil, to be applied on the ecological rehabilitation at mining junkyards, offers a potentially viable utilization of the industrial by-product, as well as solves the shortage of soil resource in the mine area. An incubation experiment with different ratios of SS and FA was conducted to evaluate the solubility of ions and trace elements from stabilized sewage sludge. Results showed that fly ash offset a decrease in pH value of sewage sludge. The pH of （C） treatment （FA：SS = 1：1） was stable and tended to neutrality. The SO4^2- and Cl^- concentrations of the solution in the mixture were significantly decreased in the stabilized sewage sludge by alkaline fly ash and mine tailing, compared to the single SS treatment. Stabilized sewage sludge by FA weakened the nitrification of total nitrogen from SS when the proportion of FA in the mixture was more than 50%. The Cr, Ni, and Cu concentrations in the solution were gradually decreased and achieved a stable level after 22 days, for all treatments over the duration of the incubation. Moreover stabilized sewage sludge by fly ash and/or mine tailing notably decreased the trace metal solubility. The final Cr, Cu, and Ni concentrations in the solution for all mixtures of treatments were lower than 2.5, 15, and 50 μg/L, respectively.     

Degradation and mineralization of 2-chloro-, 3-chloro- and 4-chlorobiphenyl by a newly characterized natural bacterial strain isolated from an electrical transformer fluid-contaminated soil

A bacterium classified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain IR08 by phenotypic typing coupled with 16S rRNA gene analysis was isolated from a soil contaminated with electrical transformer ?uid for over sixty years using Aroclor 1221 as an enrichment substrate. The substrate utilization profiles revealed that IR08 could grow on all three monochlorobiphenyls (CBs), 2,4'- and 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl as well as 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA), 3-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,3-dichlorobenzoate. Unusually, growth was poorly sustaine...     

Characterization of the Songhua River sediments and evaluation of their adsorption behavior for nitrobenzene

The explosion at a plant of the Jilin Petrochemical Corporation on 13 November,2005,and the spill of an estimated 100 t of toxic substances (nitrobenzene as the main component) into the Songhua River received worldwide attention.This study has focused on the adsorption behavior of nitrobenzene that spilled onto sediments along the Songhua River,which was one of the efforts to evaluate the fate of nitrobenzene after the spillage event.The organic carbon contents of these sediments along the Songhua River ...     

污泥龄对LSP ＆ PNR污泥减量新工艺运行效能的影响

通过研究分析污泥龄（SRT）对富磷污水除磷的LSP＆PNR污泥减量新工艺运行效果的影响,结果发现,延长污泥龄有利于提高系统的厌氧释磷能力,但不影响其总的除磷率,同时磷的回收比例增大,当SRT=50 d时,磷回收率取得最大值70.4%;LSP＆PNR系统污泥龄增加,还有利于污泥产率的降低。试验还发现,排富磷污水除磷的长污泥龄LSP＆PNR系统的除磷效率与污泥产率之间不存在制约关系,即系统可以同时获得优异的污泥减量与生物除磷效果,当SRT=50 d时,每降解1 kg COD仅产生0.143 kg污泥,而除磷率达最高值92.8%;LSP＆PNR系统中SRT、DO与SVI之间存在一定的相关性,在供氧充足（DO=0.8-1.5 mg/L）条件下,SRT增加,SVI越高,但对于SRT为50 d的LSP＆PNR系统,稳定运行时没有污泥膨胀之虞。     

净水厂污泥沉降和浓缩试验研究

对净水厂污泥分别进行了沉降试验和浓缩试验研究,考察了有机高分子絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的投加对净水厂污泥沉降、浓缩、脱水性能的影响,研究了PAM投加率、斜板间距等对动态浓缩的作用,并探讨分析了各个因素的影响规律。     

低温条件下SBBR中污泥减量的对比研究

在冬季低温(10.6℃)连续好氧-缺氧以及全泥龄的运行条件下,挂膜成熟后序批式生物膜工艺(SBBR)、投加填料SBR工艺和传统活性污泥法(CAS)工艺的污泥产率分别为0.171kgMLSS/kgCODremoved、0.207kgMLSS/kgCODremoved和0.315kgMLSS/kgCODremoved。三个工艺中SBBR工艺污水处理效果最佳,其对COD、NH4+-N的去除效果分别达到63.94%和85.36%。在冬季运行条件下,试验第10天和第25天在两种SBBR工艺中先后有大量轮虫和线虫等后生动物的滋生,导致出水中总磷(TP)的明显释放,后生动物的滋生有助于污泥的沉降性能的改善,在SBBR中后生动物的滋生有助于提高系统的硝化作用。     

昆船污水处理站微孔曝气池的启动研究

昆明船舶公司生活区污水处理站采用改进型的A2/O工艺,直接利用其生活污水培养污泥,并随时观察和分析工艺中的微孔曝气池运行状况。结果表明:采用自然培菌的方法,通过近3个半月的污泥培养,顺利实现微孔曝气池的启动。其中,COD、NH3-N的去除变化反映了曝气池启动的进程,至曝气池启动结束,COD和NH3-N的去除率分别达到了78.4%、75.7%。