微波法水处理技术研究进展

简单介绍了微波加热的原理,对微波法水处理技术的研究现状进行了综述,指出了微波法水处理技术的研究方向.     

丹东市SO2污染分析

通过对大气自动监测数据和被动扩散监测数据的分析，得出丹东市SO2在采暖季早晨污染重和城市西南部污染重的时空变化规律及污染特征，确定其受城市规划建设、锅炉脱硫方式及气候条件等污染原因，并探讨了改进脱硫除尘技术、不利气象条件下减少燃煤、实施热电联产集中供热形式等防治SO2污染的途径。     

湿热法处理实现厨余垃圾饲料化的研究

探索了湿热法工艺处理厨余垃圾并将其饲料化的可行性。实验表明,湿热法处理可以在满足消毒杀菌的同时,降低厨余原料中的高油脂含量和高含盐量,调节营养成分,实现物化性状的均一。经湿热法处理后的厨余垃圾的饲用价值得到明显改善,可作为良好的饲料原料,同时可回收利用油脂。总之,湿热法工艺可实现厨余垃圾的无害化、减量化和资源化处理,对于消除环境污染、缓解我国饲料原料紧张及资源回收利用等方面有着显著的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益,具有重要的现实意义。     

汞污染载金炭间接加热-N2吹扫脱汞研究

采用间接加热-N2吹扫法,对汞污染载金炭中汞的脱除进行试验研究.主要考察了吹扫方式、焙烧温度、N2流量和处理时间对汞脱除效果的影响.结果表明,采用床层内部吹扫方式有利于载金炭中汞的脱除;在550℃、N2 1.6 m3/h·kg、吹扫3 h条件下,能够将载金炭中汞含量由13.833 g/kg降低至0.002 g/kg,汞脱除率达到99.98%以上,而炭烧损率仅1.84%.另外,进行了2种二段法脱汞试验研究:高温蒸汞-N2吹扫法和空气吹扫-N2吹扫法.结果表明,与一段法相比,前者能够大大降低N2的消耗量;而后者没有明显优势,N2用量和能耗均未能明显降低.     

Relationships between indoor and outdoor air pollution by carcinogenic PAHs and PCBs

PAHs and PCBs were collected simultaneously indoors and outdoors at eight non-smoking homes located in four buildings in high-traffic areas of Rome. The purpose was to evaluate the relevance of indoor air in contributing to the overall exposure of the urban population. The vertical distribution was also investigated by collecting outdoor samples at both road and roof level, and indoor samples in both a high and a low floor flat of each building. At one coal-heated building, samples were collected during both the heating and the non-heating season. No evident PAH source was present indoors. Indoor and outdoor daily concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) ranged, respectively, 0.1–4.6 ng m⁻³ and 0.7–2.3 ng m⁻³. With the heating on, indoor PAH concentrations equalled or exceeded those outdoors, with BaP indoor/outdoor ratios up to 4; during the warm season, ratios decreased to 0.2–0.6. Indoor PAHs at the low floors exceeded the high-floor ones when the heating was off (vehicle exhausts being the dominant source), while being equal or lower with the heating on; the vertical gradient of indoor PAHs between different floors was within a factor of 2. Outdoor PAHs at roof level were 20–70% of those at road level, which in turn exceeded those at the medium-traffic station up to a factor of 4. The outdoor concentrations of Σ6 indicator PCBs ranged 0.1–1.6 ng m⁻³. Indoor PCB concentrations exceeded those outdoors by an approximate factor of 2–50. No vertical gradient was observed. The results indicated that indoor air may contribute to the overall exposure to PAHs and PCBs more than the urban air. They were also consistent with recent findings suggesting that indoor air can be a relevant source of PCBs for outdoor air.     

Effect of particle size and dust layer size on ignition characteristics of PMMA dust layer on hot surface

Deposition of combustible dust on a hot surface is a hidden danger of fire. In this work, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dust was selected to analyse the influence of dust layer diameter, dust particle size and dust layer thickness on the ignition characteristics of PMMA dust layer. Critical heating temperatures and ignition time had been measured. The STA-GC/MS-FTIR analysis was used to determine that the main products of PMMA pyrolysis were MMA, CO, CO₂, and C₂H₄, of which CO and C₂H₄ were transported to the ambient to cause gas phase combustion on the surface of the dust layer. For 10 mm thick dust layer, the critical heating temperatures of 5 μm PMMA, 100 nm PMMA, and 30 μm PMMA were 300 °C, 330 °C, and 320 °C. As the thickness of the dust layer increased, the gas transport path became longer, the critical heating temperature and ignition time increased. The characteristic particle size (D [3,2]) was utilized to represent the true particle size, and the ignition time increased with the increase of the characteristic particle size. The increase in the diameter of the dust layer had a slight effect on the temperature history and ignition time of the dust layer.     

含金属元素化合物和压力对工业污泥燃烧特性的影响

为了更好地利用工业污泥,有必要对它的燃烧特性进行研究,因而利用热重法研究了由3种典型的工业污泥按质量比1∶1∶1混合后的多组分试样在掺混含不同金属元素混合物、不同升温速率以及加压下的燃烧特性.实验结果表明,含金属元素化合物对污泥的燃烧能起到一定的催化作用,有助于改善工业污泥的着火性能,提高工业污泥的燃烧放热量和燃尽水平.含不同金属元素化合物对于污泥燃烧的催化机制和作用有所差异.实验中各种含金属元素化合物促进污泥燃烧过程的作用次序由大到小依次为:K2CO3、NaCl、Al2O3.随着压力的增大,污泥试样燃烧反应区间向低温区移动,各特征温度均呈下降趋势,综合燃烧特性指数有所提高;而随着升温速率的增大,污泥试样燃烧反应区间向高温区移动,各特征温度均有所增大,但综合燃烧特性愈好,对污泥燃烧越有利.     

焦炉加热过程中热力型氮氧化物的生成及影响因素研究

以武钢焦化公司6 m、7 m、7.63 m 3种炉型焦炉为对象,研究了焦炉加热过程中热力型氮氧化物的生成规律和影响因素。结果表明,焦炉氮氧化物排放量与炉型、空气过剩系数以及立火道温度有着直接的关系。7 m、7.63 m焦炉的氮氧化物排放量平均值均在210 ppm以下,6 m焦炉氮氧化物排放量平均值在400 ppm以上。6 m焦炉废气中NOx排放量明显高于7 m和7.63 m焦炉,这是由于7 m和7.63 m焦炉采用了分段加热方式,可以有效控制在焦炉加热过程中热力型NOx的生成,有利于减少最终烟气中NOx的浓度。     

升—降温全过程中约束钢梁的有限元与试验分析

以轴向支撑连接方式,利用自制的加热炉对约束钢梁进行了升—降温全过程的试验研究。重点研究了钢梁的跨中挠度随温度变化的规律,以及梁端不同轴向支撑刚度和钢柱不同轴压比条件下约束钢梁的屈曲模式及其梁端轴向支撑的破坏形态。基于ANSYS有限元软件,采用温度场和结构耦合中的间接法,对升-降温全过程中的约束钢梁进行了有限元分析。数值计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元模型和参数设置的合理性。根据对比分析,讨论了我国现行钢结构防火技术规范中存在的关键问题,特别提出了钢结构抗火设计应有的内涵,为钢结构抗火研究提供了新的思路。     

电加热服装的研制

本文采用电加热原理,研制了一种加热服装,由背心、电池和加热载体三部分组成,可遥控操作不同的发热功率,全功率发热时间大于3h,衣内表面温度不低于50℃。