锰胁迫下龙葵和小飞蓬根叶中植物螯合肽和类金属硫蛋白的变化

采用溶液培养的方式研究不同锰浓度(0.005,2,4,8,16mmo.lL-1)胁迫下龙葵和小飞蓬的根和叶中的植物螯合肽(PCs)和类金属硫蛋白(MTLP)的诱导合成量.结果显示,随着锰浓度的升高,两种植物的株高和根长先略高于对照,而后逐渐下降.锰胁迫诱导植物产生的PCs有先上升后下降的趋势,但含量较少;而PCs产生的前体物质谷胱甘肽(GSH)和MTLP的诱导量与锰浓度之间存在一定相关性,随着锰浓度增加呈现先上升后下降的规律.两者的非蛋白巯基化合物(TNP-SH)和GSH在8mmol·L-1锰浓度下达到最大值,总体上龙葵的含量比小飞蓬大.MTLP的含量随着锰浓度的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,龙葵在8mmol·L-1锰浓度时含量最高,而小飞蓬叶和根分别在2mmol·L-1和4mmo.lL-1时即达到最大,之后下降,且龙葵的MTLP含量大于相应浓度下的小飞蓬的含量.实验表明GSH和MTLP对不同锰处理浓度的响应都较敏感,故可作为植物耐锰胁迫及鉴定土壤锰污染的参考指标.随着Mn处理浓度增大,龙葵受Mn胁迫的影响比小飞蓬小,说明其耐Mn水平较小飞蓬高,更适合用于Mn污染地区的植物修复.     

镉对浮萍叶绿素荧光参数的影响

以浮萍(Lemnaminor L.)为实验材料,使用水下调制荧光仪研究不同镉浓度(0、1、2、4、6、8和10mg·L-1)条件下浮萍叶绿素荧光的变化和叶绿素含量的变化,探讨了镉对浮萍生长和光合作用的影响.结果表明,镉胁迫导致浮萍最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)有效量子产量(ФPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭(qP)、相对电子传递速率(rETR)、质体醌库(Fv/2)下降,非光化学淬灭(qN)和PSⅡ水裂解端失活程度(Fo/Fv)上升,说明浮萍的PSⅡ光合活性受到镉胁迫抑制.对浮萍叶绿素含量的测定结果表明,浮萍叶绿素含量明显下降,并且叶绿素a的下降幅度大于叶绿素b;同时,浮萍PSⅡ水裂解程度(Fo/Fv)对于镉胁迫反应极为灵敏,因而可以作为金属胁迫的重要指标.     

Extraction of 17β-estradiol in water using non-imprinted polymer submicron particles in membrane filters

17β-Estradiol (E2) is an endocrine disrupting chemical of harm to both animals and human beings at a low concentration level (ng/L). It cannot be completely removed by wastewater treatments, and is often detected in both environment and drinking waters. The purpose of this feasibility study, towards environmental engineering in the field of water analysis and treatment, was to remove E2 by extraction using non-imprinted polymer (NIP) submicron particles. Experimental results showed that 0.5 mg/L of E2 could be completely extracted by adding 10 mg of NIP particles directly into 10 mL of water. However, the extraction efficiency decreased to 64% for 100 mL of water. prefilling the NIP particles inside a membrane filter showed a potential for water treatment of a large volume, requiring no effort to distribute the particles uniformly in the water. High extraction efficiency (80 ± 10)% for E2 was achieved for 100 mL of water. A total mass of 0.29 mg E2 was extracted from 1000 mL of water containing 0.8 mg/L E2 (by using only 10 mg of NIP particles). Both efficiency and mass capacity can be increased, by scaling up the amount of NIP particles, towards environmental engineering applications.     

芦荟对土壤中重金属的吸收及EDTA影响

采用芦荟(Aloe vera L.)盆栽实验,考察了土壤中重金属在芦荟中的分布及施加EDTA对重金属在芦荟中积累影响。由实验结果,芦荟中重金属随土壤中重金属含量的增加而增加,Cd、Cu和Zn的增加量主要积累在叶部,而Pb的增加量主要积累在茎和根部。土壤中Pb的加入促进了芦荟对Cd和Cu的吸收,表明Pb与Cd、Cu在芦荟吸收时具有协同效应。随着土壤中EDTA用量的增加(0～4 mmol/kg),芦荟对重金属的吸收积累增加,其中Cu和Pb的增加较大。在EDTA作用下,芦荟叶部对重金属的迁移增大,其迁移系数Zn>Cd>Cu>Pb。EDTA螯合作用促使芦荟对重金属的吸收。芦荟叶部重金属对Fe的积累有明显抑制作用,而芦荟各部位中重金属对Ca的积累皆有明显抑制作用。     

苯并[a]芘高效降解菌筛选及其降解特性研究

为获得苯并[a]芘（BaP）污染修复的新菌株,通过梯度提高无机盐培养基（MSM）中BaP浓度的方法,本研究从北京焦化厂污染土壤中筛选出1株能够对液体中高浓度BaP（100 mg/L）降解的霉菌,鉴定结果为可可毛色二孢菌（Lasiodiplodiatheobromae）.并首次对L.theobromae在液体中降解BaP...     

Arsenic uptake, accumulation and phytofiltration by duckweed （Spirodela polyrhiza L.）

This study investigates arsenic (As) accumulation and tolerance of duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza L: and its potential for As phytofiltration. S. polyrhiza was able to survive in high concentration of As(V) solution: The EC50 values ( SE) based on the external As(V) were (181.66 20.12) mol/L. It accumulated (999 95) mg As/kg dw when exposed in 320 mol/L As(V) solution for one week, and was able to take up appropriately 400 mg As/kg dw in tissues without a significant biomass loss. The EC50 values (the e ective concentration of As(V) in the nutrient solution that caused a 50% inhibition on biomass production) was (866 68) mg/kg dw for the tissues, indicating that S. polyrhiza had a high capability of As accumulation and tolerance. The uptake kinetic parameters Vmax was (55.33 2.24) nmol/(g dw min) and Km was (0.144 0.011) mmol/L. Within 72 hr, S. polyrhiza decreased As concentration in the solution from 190 to 113 ng/mL with a removal rate of 41%. The study suggested that this floating aquatic plant has some potential for As phytofiltration in contaminated water bodies or paddy soils.     

铵态氮肥和腐殖酸协同促进孔雀草对土壤中Cd的去除

为了提升孔雀草(Tagetes patula L.)对镉(Cd)污染土壤的修复潜力,通过田间试验,研究铵态氮肥和腐殖酸对孔雀草生长以及土壤中Cd去除的影响.结果表明,氮肥(N)与氮肥和腐殖酸联用处理(NHA)可显著提高孔雀草的生物量;与对照(CK)相比,NHA和N处理下孔雀草地上部生物量分别提高了 2.49倍和1.52倍(肥东土壤),提高了 2.28倍和1.74倍(长丰土壤).在孔雀草生长期间,氮肥和腐殖酸能够降低土壤pH值,尤其是NHA处理;NHA处理较CK处理在肥东和长丰土壤上pH值分别降低了 0.76和0.84个单位;腐殖酸处理(HA)能显著提高肥东与长丰土壤中DOC的含量.NHA和HA处理能显著促进孔雀草根系生长发育,改善孔雀草的根系形态特征.在肥东和长丰土壤中,与CK相比较,NHA处理土壤有效态Cd含量分别增加了 64.1％和53.1％,孔雀草Cd的累积量分别增加了 7.17倍和4.15倍;NHA处理的土壤Cd去除率最高,在肥东和长丰土壤上分别达到17.06％和14.08％.本研究表明在强化孔雀草修复重金属Cd污染土壤方面,铵态氮肥和腐殖酸的联用具有潜在应用前景.     

胺鲜酯与螯合剂GLDA联合强化柳枝稷吸收积累镉效果

为探究己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯（胺鲜酯,DA-6）与谷氨酸二乙酸四钠（GLDA）联用对柳枝稷修复镉（Cd）污染土壤的影响,通过田间试验研究不同DA-6浓度（0和10μmol·L^-1）与不同GLDA施用方式（60 d内将600、1200和2400 kg·hm^-2依次分为1、2和4次施加,分施2和4次的单次间隔时间分别为30 d和15 d）联合对土壤pH及可溶性有机碳（DOC）、柳枝稷生物量及Cd含量、Cd提取量、土壤总Cd及有效态Cd（DTPA-Cd）的影响.结果表明：① DA-6与GLDA联用能提高土壤pH和DOC,且pH和DOC随着GLDA施用量增加而显著增加;②DA-6与GLDA联用能显著提高柳枝稷生物量及Cd含量,其中DA-6和GLDA的施用量与施用次数是影响生物量及Cd含量的最关键因素;③柳枝稷Cd提取量在DA-6浓度为10μmol·L^-1和分4次施加1200 kg·hm^-2GLDA时最高,为22.18 g·hm^-2,较CK（不施加DA-6和GLDA）及10D0（仅叶喷10μmol·L^-1 DA-6）分别提高了1.93倍和1.23倍;④土壤总Cd在DA-6浓度为10μmol·L^-1和分2次施加2400 kg·hm^-2GLDA时最低,为0.529mg·kg^-1,较CK与10D0分别降低21.04%和18.23%.因此,DA-6与GLDA联用能进一步强化柳枝稷修复Cd污染农田.     

Steel consumption and economic growth in Korea: Long-term and short-term evidence

This paper examines the long-term and short-term causal relationships between steel consumption and economic activity in Korea between 1975 and 2008 using vector error correction and vector autoregression models. This study disaggregates steel products and steel-consuming industries because the consumption of a specific steel product is closely linked to the output of the corresponding industry. This approach can provide a clear and reliable causal relationship between variable pairs. The results show that total steel consumption and GDP have a long-term equilibrium relationship, running from GDP to total steel consumption. However, a long-term bi-directional causal relationship exists between flat products consumption and the manufacturing GDP. Flat products consumption also demonstrates the long-term relationships between steel-consuming industries, such as automobile, shipbuilding, and fabricated metal product, but causal directions are mixed, depending on variable pairs. These results imply that the reciprocal growth between these industries has contributed to the robust competitiveness of Korean manufacturing. Because Korea has maintained its export-oriented industrial policy based on manufacturing, the steel and steel-consuming industries are expected to play a significant role in economic growth far into the future.     

PP333对孔雀草穴盘苗生长的控制作用研究

多效唑(PP333)常用来控制植物徒长,孔雀草穴盘育苗因夏季温度和湿度过高等原因易发生徒长,使产品质量降低.因此,采用不同浓度的PP333溶液在种子萌动前对孔雀草穴盘苗进行喷施处理,测定株高、根冠比、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,筛选出最佳浓度,并研究其与对照的内源激素水平以及茎部细胞形态,探讨其作用机理.结果表明,萌前期喷施10-30mg/L的PP333能安全有效地抑制植株的生长高度,增强SOD和POD活性,从而提高花卉种苗的质量及抗逆性,且浓度越高,效果越明显,其中最佳处理为30mg/L PP333.PP333降低了孔雀草的GA和IAA含量,提高了ABA含量,抑制了孔雀草茎段细胞的伸长,从而使节间缩短,控制植株生长,提高植株抗逆性.