高速铁路车轮减振降噪优化方法

高速铁路车轮的振动辐射噪声在轮轨滚动辐射噪声中占有很大的比重,而且在1500Hz以上的频段内占主导,对列车车轮进行优化设计,通过改变车轮的形状,可以达到较好的减振降噪效果。本文对高速铁路车轮优化方法进行详细的分析评论,并提出相应的问题和改进的方向。     

基于偏离程度的某机械陀螺环境敏感参数分析

目的明确某机械陀螺在贮存环境下的环境敏感参数。方法以机械陀螺在热加速老化试验中的各项性能参数检测结果为基础,依次对各参数检测数据进行能表征参数退化程度的无量纲转化,分析参数相对于原始值的偏离程度以及环境敏感程度,偏离度最大的参数即为陀螺的主要环境敏感参数。结果解锁误差、接触起始角、垂直漂移、水平漂移参数的偏离程度分别为1041.7、1248.3、1472.7、417.7。垂直漂移参数是该机械陀螺在贮存环境下的主要环境敏感参数。结论提出的分析方法可有效用于多参数产品的环境敏感参数分析。     

台风“安比”对河北东南部地区一次O3污染影响的特征分析

利用欧洲中心ERA-Interim数据以及河北省环境监测站、气象站观测资料,对2018年7月22—24日台风"安比"影响河北前后的一次O_3污染过程的生成、维持、清除进行动力分析,结果如下:台风外围的副热带高压天气型结构有利于河北南部地区污染物的积聚,其演变对预报大气光化学污染具有重要的意义;台风降水对O_3污染有非常好的清除作用,降水量越大,清除效果越好;高压带内部的高温有利于光化学反应,有利于O_3污染的形成;近地层的弱风辐合场与下沉气流的双重作用对O_3污染形成有很好的贡献;旋转形变效应(ds)负值区与河北中南部O_3污染区域对应;动力条件促使湍流运动加强,对O_3污染的清除有很好的作用.通过相关系数检验发现石家庄、邢台5 cm土壤温度和臭氧小时浓度相关性较高(相关系数0.75～0.85),由于土壤温度增加速度低于地表温度增加速度,臭氧浓度增加速度也低于地表温度增加速度,因此5 cm土壤温度比地表温度更及时反映了臭氧光化学反应强度.     

番茄光合荧光特性及其镉吸收对土壤镉污染的响应

为探究番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）对镉污染的修复潜力,采用土壤盆栽试验方法,研究了在土壤镉施加含量为2,4,8,16,24,48mg/kg条件下,番茄生长、光合荧光特性及其镉吸收响应特点.结果表明,在土壤中施加镉含量大于8mg/kg时,番茄叶片叶绿素含量、光合性能和荧光参数,以及生物量显著低于没有施加镉的对照（P<0.05）,表现出较强的Cd敏感性.同时,在所有镉处理中,番茄叶片对镉的富集系数（2.48~6.60）和转移系数（1.21~3.90）均大于1,表现出较强的富集能力,但经计算其土壤Cd去除率较低.因此,供试番茄品种是Cd的敏感作物,对土壤镉污染修复的潜力较小.     

城郊排水沟渠溶质传输的暂态存储影响及参数灵敏性

选择Na Cl为示踪剂,于2013年9~10月在合肥城郊的关镇河支渠开展5次瞬时投加示踪实验.从暂态存储、侧向补给和对流-扩散等作用机制层面,设置4种模拟情景,解析暂态存储作用对于排水沟渠溶质传输规律的影响,并对OTIS模型参数进行灵敏性分析.结果表明,暂态存储对于主流区Cl-模拟浓度穿透曲线(BTCs)峰值大小影响很大,相对偏差高达24.23%~117.26%,显著高于对峰值出现时间的影响,且暂态存储影响显著超过了侧向补给作用;由相关性分析,主流区Cl-模拟浓度BTCs峰值大小和出现时间的相对偏差与As/A具有极显著相关性;4个主要参数的灵敏度排序为AAsαD.     

Modeling thermal analysis for predicting thermal hazards relevant to transportation safety and runaway reaction for 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile)

The pure decomposition behavior of 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) and its physical phase transformation were examined and discussed. The thermal decomposition of this self-reactive azo compound was explored using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to elucidate the stages in the progress of this chemical reaction. DSC was used to predict the kinetic and process safety parameters, such as self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT), time to maximum reaction rate under adiabatic conditions (TMR_ad), and apparent activation energy (E_a), under isothermal and adiabatic conditions with thermal analysis models. Moreover, vent sizing package 2 (VSP2) was applied to examine the runaway reaction combined with simulation and experiments for thermal hazard assessment of AIBN. A thorough understanding of this reaction process can identify AIBN as a hazardous and vulnerable chemical during upset situations. The sublimation and melting of AIBN near its apparent onset decomposition temperature contributed to the initial steps of the reaction and explained the exothermic attributes of the peaks observed in the calorimetric investigation.     

MR阻尼器的简化参数模型及其应用

MR阻尼器应用于控制风振、地震等引起的随机振动时需用参数化表达式来描述MR阻尼器简化的力学模型 ,从而更好地揭示MR阻尼器的减振机理。本文采用偏最小二乘法误差估计、Chebyshev多项式拟合建立了MR阻尼器简化模型的参数化表达式 ,并应用于斜拉索振动控制中 ,为合理选择MR阻尼器提供了便捷、可靠的手段     

环境模型参数识别与不确定性分析

在对水文模型实例的参数不确定性分析基础上,分别采用传统灵敏度分析方法、HSY算法、线性回归等方法对模型参数特性进行了识别与比较研究.结果表明参数优化算法与传统灵敏度分析方法不能解释模型结构复杂性特征,采用不确定性分析方法对环境模型参数进行识别提供了深入分析与理解模型系统的有效途径.     

综合拉底、扩漏和出矿全过程的底部结构安全性颗粒流模拟技术研究

为探明自然崩落法从拉底崩落至出矿全过程中底部结构节理连续扩展过程与破坏过程规律，采用PFC2D软件，结合RocLab软件反演节理岩体参数，建立229 m×129 m的岩体扩大模型，对拉底崩落至出矿过程进行连续综合计算。研究结果表明:模拟结果及破坏现象与现场监测结果相近，建模与细观参数反演方法适用于该类岩体工程研究；裂纹扩展贯通导致岩体失稳破坏，破坏过程与裂纹扩展具有相对应的阶段特征，裂纹扩展分为崩落前稳定扩展期，崩落与聚矿槽开挖过程加速扩展期和后续持续扩展期；结构破坏分为蕴育过程，扰动失稳过程和宏观破坏过程；较大范围的宏观破坏主要在出矿阶段。该模拟方法与结果可为底部结构维护以及节理岩体长期稳定性研究提供参考。     

Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal of different metamorphic degrees based on a temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system

Research on the micro- and macrocharacteristics of different metamorphic degrees of coal helps improve the control and protection techniques used during spontaneous combustion. Nine coals with different properties were thoroughly investigated in this study. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a self-designed temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system were adopted to analyze the molecular structure and macrocharacteristic parameters of the spontaneous combustion of coal. Additionally, the influence of particle size on spontaneous combustion was considered. Various functional groups were employed as microcharacteristic parameters to capture the principal active groups in oxidation. The gas production rate, oxygen consumption rate, gas concentration, heat energy release rate, and characteristic temperatures were evaluated as macrocharacteristic parameters to investigate the changes in coal during oxidation. The results establish that the microcharacteristics of coal molecules determine the degree of spontaneous combustion based on intrinsic properties and that changes in the macrocharacteristics of the spontaneous combustion of coal reflect the microstructural changes. The contents of the hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, alkyl ether and aryl ether in the coal molecules gradually decrease with the metamorphic increase. Oxygen-containing functional groups have higher reactivities and easily react with oxygen, causing the macroparameters, such as the oxygen consumption rate, the gas generation rate and the heat energy release rate, to consistently decrease with the increase of the metamorphic degree. Small-particle-size coal molecules have more active aliphatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing functional groups and a larger specific surface area, increasing the chances of adsorbing the oxygen of active groups and promoting the reaction between coal and oxygen. The experimental results indicate that coal samples with higher metamorphic degrees or larger sizes exhibit lower tendencies toward spontaneous combustion. Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion of coal based on a temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system is of great practical importance for preventing the spontaneous combustion of coal during storage, processing and utilization and can serve as a convenient reference for production safety in mining applications.