注册安全工程师与企业安全管理人员现状比较分析

截至2006年11月,我国有22856人获得注册安全工程师执业资格证书,17411人已注册成为注册安全工程师。详细分析我国现有注册安全工程师年龄、工作年限以及学历等基本情况;在辽宁、山东、上海等5省市随机抽取200家企业进行抽样调查,分析我国企业安全管理人员的基本情况,并将二者进行对比。结果表明:注册安全工程师执业资格制度利于选拔优秀的安全管理人才,优化企业安全管理人员队伍,提高安全管理人员素质。     

Pesticide and Transformation Product Detections and Age‐Dating Relations from Till and Sand Deposits1

Abstract:  Pesticide and transformation product concentrations and frequencies in ground water from areas of similar crop and pesticide applications may vary substantially with differing lithologies. Pesticide analysis data for atrazine, metolachlor, alachlor, acetochlor, and cyanazine and their pesticide transformation products were collected at 69 monitoring wells in Illinois and northern Indiana to document occurrence of pesticides and their transformation products in two agricultural areas of differing lithologies, till, and sand. The till is primarily tile drained and has preferential fractured flow, whereas the sand primarily has surface water drainage and primary porosity flow. Transformation products represent most of the agricultural pesticides in ground water regardless of aquifer material – till or sand. Transformation products were detected more frequently than parent pesticides in both the till and sand, with metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid being most frequently detected. Estimated ground‐water recharge dates for the sand were based on chlorofluorocarbon analyses. These age‐dating data indicate that ground water recharged prior to 1990 is more likely to have a detection of a pesticide or pesticide transformation product. Detections were twice as frequent in ground water recharged prior to 1990 (82%) than in ground water recharged on or after 1990 (33%). The highest concentrations of atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and their transformation products, also were detected in samples from ground water recharged prior to 1990. These age/pesticide detection relations are opposite of what would normally be expected, and may be the result of preferential flow and/or ground‐water mixing between aquifers and aquitards as evident by the detection of acetochlor transformation products in samples with estimated ground‐water ages predating initial pesticide application.     

Temporal changes in the utilization of amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis by women of advanced maternal age, 1976–1983

Utilization of amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis because of the indication of advanced maternal age (≥ 35 years at delivery) was examined in the population of B.C. over an 8-year period (1976–1983). As of 1983, approximately one out of three eligible women (≥ 35 years at delivery) is having the test. In the older group (≥ 38 years at delivery) approximately one out of two eligible women is having the test. The data do not indicate that the proportion of eligible women having amniocentesis has reached a plateau; utilization is continuing to increase. It appears that prenatal diagnosis is an ethically acceptable alternative for a large proportion of the population.     

长江三角洲顶部冰后期地层的沉积特征

钻探证实,镇江市谏壁镇长江北岸高桥镇北部埋藏硬粘土层,之上为冰后期松散沉积物.沉积物主要为粉砂、粘土质粉砂、砂泥互层,中部局部夹含细砾中细砂,顶部见淤泥质粘土;夹数十层植物炭屑层;以水平纹理为主,局部见小型交错层理、波状层理.表明冰后期以来该地处于水动力较弱的河湖环境,为多期湖沼相沉积夹汊道河流相沉积,局部有海相沉积物加入.根据碳化植物碎屑14C年龄,推测冰后期底界年龄约13 000 aBP,海侵到达该地的时间约为9 000 aBP,海侵最高位时间约为6 500 aBP.冰后期平均沉积速率约为4.9 m/ka,湖沼相3.4～6 m/ka,河流相10～15 m/ka.对全新统的底界年龄和海相层的埋藏深度进行了讨论.     

基于碳同位素组成的大气NMHCs光化学寿命研究

利用热解析-气相色谱-同位素质谱联用仪测定了兰州市冬季和夏季昼夜大气非甲烷烃(NMHCs)的稳定碳同位素组成.结果表明,兰州市冬季大气NMHCs的δ13C值为-30.5‰～-24.3‰,夏季为-31.9‰～-24.2%,受燃煤烟气排放的影响,冬季大气NMHCs的δ13C值明显大于夏季;冬季大气NMHCs的δ13C值夜晚大于白天,夏季不同时间点C4、C5化合物的同位素值相差不大,正己烷和正庚烷的δ13C值白天比夜晚要高.利用"碳氢化合物同位素时钟"计算出正己烷和1-丁烯在兰州市夏季大气中的平均光化学寿命分别约为6d和25min.     

泥膜复合SBR工艺的脱氮除磷效果的研究

为了提高传统sBR脱氮除磷效率,采用泥膜复合sBR工艺处理人工模拟生活污水,通过小试试验探讨了不同泥龄系统脱氮除磷能力的影响。结果表明：系统不仅对TN、TP表现出稳定良好的去除效率,出水TN、TP浓度符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918—2002）的一级A标准;而且提高了系统抗冲击负荷能力。     

准好氧填埋场作业台阶温室气体CO_2的释放通量研究

采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定了河北省某准好氧填埋场作业台阶表面的温室气体CO2释放通量,分析了填埋时期和导气管距离对CO2释放通量的影响。结果表明:导气管附近区域表面的CO2释放量较大,且不同区域的CO2释放通量存在明显差异(最大值和最小值分别278.6和12.5 g/(m2.d);同一区域上午、中午和下午的CO2释放通量差异相对较小,但中午和下午高于上午。同时,填埋4、8、12和16个月区域的CO2平均释放通量分别为56.9,70.0,110.2和47.0 g/(m2.d),即CO2的释放通量随着填埋龄的增加呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,并在填埋12个月达到CO2释放通量的最大值。此外,各填埋区作业台阶表面CO2释放通量随着距离导气管距离的增加呈指数函数递减的趋势。     

机掘工作面有效通风及其评价指标研究

就评价机掘工作面的有效通风提出了空气年龄、空气品质、换气效率、排污效率等概念,并分析给出了其指标的计算模型。有效通风指标不仅与空气年龄有关,而且与掘进工作面通风气流组织、污染物浓度及分布特性有关。提高机掘工作面空气品质,除了要提高换气排污效率外,还应有效地组织掘进工作面的通风气流     

木麻黄沿海防护林土壤呼吸动态及其关键影响因子

以中国亚热带木麻黄沿海防护林为研究对象,利用LI-8100土壤呼吸自动观测系统,对木麻黄人工林生态系统的土壤呼吸特征进行了监测.结果表明,不同林龄木麻黄林地土壤呼吸日动态均呈双峰变化曲线,8:00~10:00和14:00~16:00出现峰值,最小值出现在20:00~22:00;季节动态均呈单峰曲线,最大值出现在6~7月份,最小值则出现在12~1月份.土壤温度和水分对土壤呼吸的季节变化存在显著影响,并有明显的交互作用,进行单因素方差分析发现,土壤呼吸季节变化与5cm土温存在着较好的指数相关关系(P成林>幼林;随着林龄的增大,土壤呼吸对土壤温度和土壤水分的敏感性增强.     

可溶性微生物产物的产生及影响因素分析

对可溶性微生物产物(SMP)的产生和性质进行了概述,指出SMP是影响生化出水水质的重要因素;建立了完全混合反应器中SMP浓度的计算公式。基质降解量(△S)、污泥龄(@)、污泥产率因数(y)和衰减速率系数(b)是影响SMP浓度的4个重要因素,SMP浓度同污泥浓度、水力停留时间无关。分析表明,对应某污泥龄,反应器中SMP浓度可达到最低,控制污泥龄可以达到降低出水中SMP浓度的目的。