紫外老化作用对纳米生物炭吸附环丙沙星的影响机制

纳米生物炭的老化行为在自然环境中是不可避免的,然而老化作用对纳米生物炭吸附污染物的影响机制尚不清楚.采用模拟光照老化,通过元素分析、扫描电镜、透射电镜和红外光谱分析老化前后纳米生物炭的组成和结构特性变化,探究了老化纳米生物炭对环丙沙星(CIP)的吸附机制以及溶液p H值和纳米生物炭浓度梯度对吸附的影响.结果表明,老化作用使纳米生物炭C元素含量降低,O元素含量增加,极性增强,芳香性和粒径降低.老化前后纳米生物炭对CIP的吸附在很大程度上取决于溶液p H值,酸性条件下溶液p H值的增加更有利于CIP的吸附.纳米生物炭浓度梯度影响研究表明,纳米生物炭在低浓度条件下更有利于CIP的吸附.老化前后纳米生物炭对CIP的吸附更符合准二级动力学模型,Langmuir模型能更好地描述CIP在老化前后纳米生物炭上的吸附行为,最大吸附量分别为607.69 mg·g^-1和920.73 mg·g^-1,老化纳米生物炭对CIP的吸附性能优于纳米生物炭,且主要的吸附机制为孔隙填充、静电作用和氢键作用.紫外老化作用增强了纳米生物炭对CIP的吸附性能.     

老化油处理技术研究进展

老化油是石油工业生产过程中产生的含大量化学药剂、水、黏土及无机盐的状态稳定的复杂乳液,其产生量大、处理难度高。介绍了老化油的来源、成分、数量、对生产的危害、特点及处理难点,总结了老化油现有的处理方法,包括物理法、化学法、生物法及组合工艺,分析了各种方法的优缺点,并对老化油的管理和研究方向提出了建议。     

The combined effects of on-road and simulator training with feedback on older drivers' on-road performance: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial

Objective: A number of training programs that seek to improve driving performance among older drivers are available accompanied by a growing interest in their effectiveness. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the combined effect of (1) basic in-class training (BT); (2) on-road training with individualized feedback (OR); and (3) training on a driving simulator (S).

Methods: Using a randomized controlled trial study design, 78 older drivers were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups (BT, BT + OR, or BT + OR + S). All participants completed a pre- and postintervention on-road driving evaluation on a standardized route. The driving evaluations were recorded using video and Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment and were scored by a blind assessor.

Results: The results indicated a significant reduction of approximately 30% in overall number of driving errors/omissions among participants in the BT + OR and the BT + OR + S groups in comparison to participants in the BT group.

Conclusions: This study adds to the mounting evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of individualized driver training in improving safe driving among older adults.     

十字花科植物中的芥子碱对果蝇的抗衰老作用

芥子碱对Ｏ－２和ＯＨ的清除效率达５０％时的质量浓度（ρ）分别为５ｍｇＬ－１和３３０ｍｇＬ－１,４０ｍｇＬ－１的芥子碱对Ｏ－２的清除效率即可达８９．７％,证明芥子碱是一Ｏ－２与ＯＨ的清除剂．分别以ρ为１０ｍｇＬ－１和５０ｍｇＬ－１芥子碱的培养基饲喂果蝇,对果蝇的最高寿命、平均寿命及半数寿命均有一定的延长作用,其中１０ｍｇＬ－１的芥子碱组可明显延长雄性果蝇的最高寿命（１１．９０％）、平均寿命（１１．２４％）及半数寿命（１７．２１％）,两种浓度的芥子碱溶液对果蝇的平均寿命的延长作用的差异显著．芥子碱对果蝇的延寿作用有一定的性别差异,对雄蝇的效果好于雌蝇     

三元乙丙橡胶室内外老化行为及相关性分析

目的 研究三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)的室内外老化机制及其相关性.方法 开展户外拉萨、漠河、吐鲁番、万宁、武汉等站点及室内氙灯加速老化试验,通过分析表观、力学、化学结构等性能,探究EPDM室内外老化行为相关性及加速比.结果 EPDM室内外环境中老化规律为,光泽度初期迅速下降,后期趋于稳定;老化初期色差上升,后期逐渐下降.撕...     

汽车内外饰件氙灯老化试验对样品的要求

氙灯老化试验目前是众多汽车企业必检项目之一,汽车内外饰件用到的非金属材料有很多,如涂料、塑料、纤维织物、橡胶、皮革及装饰木纹件等等,并且形状多样,如何让氙灯试验更加准确,重复性更好,这对试验样品有严格的要求。     

环境暴露致秀丽线虫衰老毒性及相关作用机制研究进展

衰老作为一个重要的评价终点,目前已经广泛应用于秀丽线虫环境暴露评价以及相关毒理学研究.系统总结了各种金属以及有机污染物暴露所致秀丽线虫衰老毒性;分析了胰岛素信号、应激反应与氧化应激、线粒体呼吸链、金属硫蛋白、金属诱导胁迫响应蛋白NUMR-1和NUMR-2等在环境暴露致秀丽线虫衰老毒性形成中的重要调控功能;指出了代谢变化...     

An Analysis on the Spatial Distribution of Population Aging Pressure in China

Based on comprehensive analysis of the impact of population aging to social and economic development,a comprehensive evaluation system including 18 indexes was constructed for evaluating regional pressure of population aging on social and economic development.Using statistics data of 31 regions in China from 2004 to 2008,the pressure of population aging on social and economic development,was comprehensively evaluated by using the factor analysis method.The spatial distribution of population aging in China was also analyzed.This study is to provide scientific basis for government to make strategies of coping with population aging according to regional pressure of population aging on social and economic development in China.     

自然通风热老化试验箱换气量不确定度评定

自然通风热老化试验箱(以下简称老化试验箱)主要用于电线电缆的热老化性能测试试验。而需要对箱体性能进行评估的多为老化试验箱的生产厂、电线电缆生产厂的产品检验实验室和开展相关项目的检测机构等公司和部门。温度参数和换气量参数是老化试验箱计量的主要项目,其测量结果的准确程度将直接影响对箱体性能的评估,分析并计算出了换气量测量结果扩展不确定度,对换气量参数的测量结果的可信赖程度具有参考意义。     

基于EIS的航空涂层老化研究

选用当量加速试验0~9周期的聚氨酯涂层试样进行电化学阻抗(EIS)测试。通过聚氨酯涂层的电化学信息,判断涂层表面、内部和金属基体的腐蚀状况,研究聚氨酯涂层的老化失效机制。