Land management in rural Burkina Faso: the role of socio‐cultural and institutional factors

Farmers in the Sahel have been acknowledged for reclaiming degraded lands and improving food security by ingeniously modifying traditional agroforestry, water, and soil management practices. Despite the advantages offered by this range of farming techniques, their adoption rate is influenced by several factors. Using multivariate probit models and a correlation coefficient, this article examines the factors influencing the adoption of five land management practices based on 220 household and 40 farm surveys in four adjacent rural communities in southern Burkina Faso. The model results indicate that household labor force, education of household head, land tenure security, livestock holding, and membership in farmers’ groups influence the adoption of zaï practice, composting, improved fallow, stone bunds, and live hedges. However, two of the surveyed factors ‐ number of farms and visit by agricultural extension staff during the 12 months prior to the survey ‐ were not significant. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between different land management practices, e.g., the decision to practice zaï is significantly linked to that of live hedges and composting. Zaï practice and stone bunds are considered labor intensive, which explains their significant correlations with household labor force at the 1% and 5% levels of significance, respectively.     

废弃物领域协同减排是实现温室气体减排的重要途径

温室气体减排背后巨大的利益博弈成为我国开展减排工作不得不考虑的因素。从国际经验看来,＂避重就轻＂的减排策略成效显著,通过对一些国家和地区温室气体减排路径的比较和分析,结果表明,废弃物领域成为他们减排效果最好的领域之一。废弃物领域协同减排具有空间大、难度小、成本低、效果好、技术成熟、手段多样的优点,应当成为我国实现温室气体减排的重要途径,为经济发展腾出合理的碳排放空间。     

农地非农化过程中损失农地生态价值的研究综述

农地的生态系统服务对人类的可持续发展有着重要的意义,而该系统的部分生态价值因未在市场上反映出来而往往被人类所忽略,本文在农地非农化过程中关于损失的生态价值方面进行总结,从研究方法、内容等方面总结了现有研究的特点,从生态服务价值的揭示程度、研究视角的广泛程度、研究方法的完善程度等方面分析了国内研究中存在的基本问题,为今后的研究提供理论依据。     

农业自然环境质量综合评价——以重庆市为例

本文提出了一种综合、定量地评价农业自然环境质量的方法,包括评价原则、模型、参数定量化、权重分配等,尤其对参数定量化、权重分配作了大胆尝试.对重庆市试评的结果表明,本方法是可行的.     

中国地区氧化亚氮排放量及其变化的估算

对我国大气中氧化亚氮的排放源及其大小进行了分析和计算,中国地区氧化亚氮的年排放置为950G_9N_2O-N,约占全球总排放量的6％.天然源和人为源各占我国氧化亚氮排放量的71％和29％.在天然源中以海洋排放为主,人为源中则以煤炭燃烧释放的贡献最大.计算显示今后几年内氧化亚氮排放的年增加量是6G_9N_2O-N.     

AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IMPACTS ON BACTERIAL WATER QUALITY IN A KARST GROUNDWATER AQUIFER1

ABSTRACT: The impact on water quality by agricultural activity in karst terrain is an important consideration for resource management within the Appalachian Region. Karst areas comprise about 18 percent of the Region's land area. An estimated one-third of the Region's farms, cattle, and agricultural market value are on karst terrain. The purpose of this study was to compare fecal bacteria densities in karst groundwater impacted by two primary agricultural land uses in central Appalachia. Fecal bacteria densities were measured in cave streams draining two primary land management areas. The first area was pasture serving a beef cow-calf operation. The second area was a dairy. Neither area had best management practices in place for controlling animal wastes. Median fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus densities were highest in cave streams draining the dairy. Median fecal coliform densities in the dairy-impacted stream were greater than 4,000 CFU/100 ml and the median fecal coliform densities in the pasture-impacted streams were less than 10 CFU/100 ml. Median fecal streptococcus densities in the same streams were greater than 2,000 CFU/100 ml and 32 CFU/100 nil, respectively. A second dairy, with best management practices for control of animal and milkhouse waste, did not appear to be contributing significant amounts of fecal bacteria to the karst aquifer. It was concluded that agriculture was affecting bacterial densities in the karst aquifer. New management practices specifically designed to protect karst groundwater resources may be one way to protect the groundwater resource.     

BENEFITS FROM MANAGING FARM PRODUCED NUTRIENTS1

Manures and fertilizers are applied to agricultural lands in excess of recommended amounts, resulting in widespread pollution of surface and ground water and contributing a substantial source of greenhouse gases associated with global warming. By developing policies that exploit the value of farm produced nutrients, input costs can be minimized. Better accounting for or crediting of farm produced nutrients is leading to economically beneficial conservation of fertilizer. In addition, hog producers who own enough land may benefit from properly managing manure nutrients. Poultry litter is valuable as fertilizer and can be marketed by independent dealers to farmers in nutrient deficit areas, with very modest assistance from the government. Dairy producers may modify their past income support programs to finance central compost facilities. Although nutrient problems were neglected in the past, recent Federal initiatives and joint initiatives with states exploit many of these and other opportunities to avoid excessive application of nutrients to the land.     

POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURAL WATER USE IN THE SOUTHEAST U.S.1

ABSTRACT: Climate change has the potential to have dramatic effects on the agricultural sector nationally and internationally as documented in many research papers. This paper reports on research that was focused on a specific crop growing area to demonstrate how farm managers might respond to climate-induced yield changes and the implications of these responses for agricultural water use. The Hadley model was used to generate climate scenarios for important agricultural areas of Georgia in 2030 and 2090. Linked crop response models indicated generally positive yield changes, as increased temperatures were associated with increased precipitation and CO2. Using a farm management model, differences in climate-induced yield impacts among crops led to changes in crop mix and associated water use; non-irrigated cropland received greater benefit since irrigated land was already receiving adequate moisture. Model results suggest that farm managers will increase cropping intensity by decreasing fallowing and increasing double cropping; corn acreage decreased dramatically, peanuts decreased moderately and cotton and winter wheat increased. Water use on currently irrigated cropland fell. The potential for increased water use through conversion of agriculturally important, but currently non-irrigated, growing areas is substantial.     

农田NO排放的时间变异性

在采用基于箱法的自动观测技术对苏州地区一个完整的科小麦生育期的麦田的ＮＯ排放进行全天候连续观测的基础上,讨论了ＮＯ排放的季节变化和日变化特征及其温度和植物生长的影响,观测实验发现,苏州地区上麦田的ＮＯ排放具有极其显著的季节变化规律怀,冬季以前２的小麦苗期物返青至淹水种稻之前的春季,ＮＯ排放量分别为０．１５６－０．７５８ｍｇ·ｍ＾－２·ｈ＾－１和１．２２９－１０．８０２·ｍ＾－２·ｈ＾－１,前者是全     

农业技术进步、规模效率与粮食安全——以东北三省粳稻、玉米为例

以东北三省粳稻、玉米为例,使用DEA-malmquist指数法实证检验农业技术进步、规模效率与粮食生产效率增长之间的关系。结果发现:①2000—2019年,吉林和黑龙江均保持了良好的粮食生产效率。②黑龙江属于"农业技术进步单一驱动型"的生产模式,而辽宁、吉林属于"农业技术进步和技术效率双驱动型"的生产模式。③吉林玉米生产的规模效率非有效,辽宁农业技术进步的衰退分别阻碍了各自粮食生产效率的提高。基于以上研究,提出建议:黑龙江、吉林、辽宁3省应因地制宜,分别通过增加农业财政投入、加强农业科技研发力度、鼓励农地流转等措施为粮食安全保驾护航。