The neglected burden of agricultural intensification: a contribution to the debate on land-use change

ABSTRACT

Between 1992 and 2015 Argentina lost 17% of its tree cover. Regionally, deforestation continues, but net forest loss recently came to a halt. Some scholars argue that this was facilitated by industrial agricultural intensification. This view is debated, but we focus on the neglected costs associated with this intensification. An almost tenfold increase of pesticide use in Argentina during the last two decades caused the pollution of soil, water and sediments. The widespread use of pesticides is impairing the health of agricultural workers and people living near agricultural fields, and is putting the health of vulnerable parts of the population (children and pregnant women) at risk. More than 50 pesticide active ingredients marketed in Argentina have been banned in the European Union for safety reasons. We contend that health and pollution aspects need to be taken into account when assessing the benefits and drawbacks of different types of land use.     

现代生态农业与农业安全

现代生态农业是现代农业的发展方向；现代生态农业的核心是农业的可持续发展，其重要内容是农业安全。文章着重提出现代生态农业的基本概念与内涵，指出现代生态农业是以生态理论为基础，以现代生态农业技术为手段，通过农业与环境，生态与经济的平衡，达到农业可持续发展、农业安全和人类健康的最终目标。在总结国家发展现代生态农业的经验的基础上，列举了我国东南沿海经济发达地区(包括江苏省)存在的生态环境质量和农业安全问题，最后提出现代生态农业建设和解决农业安全问题的对策与建议。     

富水农业植物废物的易降解性及对其他堆肥植物降解的影响

对富水型农业植物废物和其他典型城市植物固废进行了好氧堆肥实验．结果表明，富水型农业植物废物的有机质降解率最高，达到了69％．富水型农业植物废物和其他植物固废混合堆肥时能明显提高其他植物固废的降解率．富水型农业植物废物和其他典型城市植物固废混合物的质量比为2：1时，最高降解率39．1％．研究发现这与它们的组分有关，富水型农业植物含水率高达80％以上，含有的有机物质主要为易降解的蛋白质、脂肪、纤维和其他碳水化合物，C／N比在10：1～35：1之间．在堆肥物料中加入富水型农业植物废物可使堆肥的腐熟期缩短至20d，最低C／N比为18．5：1．图4表2参21     

中国农产品产地环境标准中存在的问题与对策研究

目前中国已经颁布的各类产地环境类标准已超过30多个(不含地方标准)，与欧美发达国家同类标准相比，中国现行的产地环境类标准普遍存在着制定程序不严谨、相关标准之间衔接统一不够、标准的科学技术水平不高、标准的针对性与实用性不强、标准与分析检验方法不配套等共同的问题。通过实例和数据，对以上问题进行了研究和分析，提出了改革现行的标准管理模式、加强基础性科学研究、借鉴和引进国际先进标准、培育专业技术队伍等对策措施。     

利用固相抽出/HPLC法对高尔夫球场水体中残留农药的分析

研讨利用固相抽出 /HPLC法 ,对高尔夫球场使用农药进行监测的分析方法。此方法对测定水体中残留农药具有简便、准确、实用等特点 ,适合在我国开展进行     

脱硫石膏农业利用研究进展与展望

概述火电厂脱硫石膏定义、生产过程和性质。简述了脱离石膏的工业利用，详述了脱离石膏对酸性和碱性土壤改良的现状和机理，并展望了脱硫石膏促进滩涂土植被演替的前景。     

ENERGY BALANCE OF A CORN RESIDUE-COVERED FIELD DURING SNOWMELT1

ABSTRACT: Transport of agricultural chemicals in runoff and recharge waters from snowmelt and soil thawing may represent a significant event in terms of annual contaminant loadings in temperate regions. Improved understanding of the melt dynamics of shallow snowpacks is necessary to fully assess the implications for water quality. The objective of this study was to measure the energy balance components of a corn (Zea mays L.) stubble field during the melting of its snowcover. Net radiation (Rn), soil (G), sensible (H), and latent (Q) heat fluxes were measured in a field near Ames, Iowa, during the winter of 1994–1995. Energy consumed by melting including change in energy storage of the snowpack was determined as the residual of the measured energy balance. There was continuous snowcover at the field site for 71 days (maximum depth = 222 mm) followed by an open period of 11 days before additional snowfall and a second melt period. The net radiation and snow melt/energy storage change (5) terms dominated the energy balance during both measurement intervals. Peak daily sensible and latent heat fluxes were below 100 W m^?2 on all days except the last day of the second melt period. There was good agreement between predicted and measured values of H and Q during the melting of an aged snow layer but poorer agreement during the melt of fresh snow. Both snowpacks melted rapidly and coincident changes in soil moisture storage were observed. Improved estimates of Q and H, especially for partially open surfaces, will require better characterization of the surface aerodynamic properties and spatially-representative surface temperature measurements.     

全球CO2倍增对我国自然地域分异及农业生产潜力的影响预测

ＣＯ_２倍增导致全球变暖,并对自然环境产生影响的研究已成为举世瞩目的重大课题。本文在ＩＰＣＣ预告的基础上,分析了气候变化对我国自然地域分异的影响,用６７１个站点资料分析了我国温度带及各自然地区的数量指标、各地区生产潜力及影响生产潜力的因子,将气候变暖增温、温度带北移的界线及降水区向西迁移后干湿地区界线的变化绘制成图,同时预测了农业生产潜力的未来变化。结果表明：全球变暖使我国温暖地区面积增加,半干旱及干旱区水分条件改善,有利于作物生产。     

海门市农村水环境污染现状与对策措施

农村水环境受到农业、生物、生活、工业等方面的污染,影响了农村水资源的综合利用和农民居住环境质量的改善。采取开发水产养殖、加快农村水利建设,推行生活垃圾卫生填埋、加大工业污染治理力度等措施,沟河环境得到标本兼治,农民群众收入增加,水环境质量得到提高。     

我国热带地区胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统物质循环研究

以海南省文昌市典型的胶-茶-鸡农林复合模式为研究对象 ,以单作胶园、胶茶间作园为对照 ,采用定量研究与定性分析相结合的方法 ,研究其物质循环规律。结果表明 ,胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统的氮、磷输入、输出量最大 ,系统外物质投入率比另两系统明显减少 ,系统内养分循环量增加 ,因此 ,该系统具有较合理的物质循环结构。