不同母质发育的水稻土中铁、锰对甲烷排放的影响

盆栽结果表明,不同土壤类型铁、锰含量的差异是造成不同土壤类型间甲烷排放量差异甚大的重要因素之一。土壤中铁、锰通过对土壤氧化还原电位及根膜形成的影响而影响甲烷的排放。     

The accounting method and application of CO2 emissions responsibility by the electricity sector at the provincial level in China

When accounting the CO₂ emissions responsibility of the electricity sector at the provincial level in China,it is of great significance to consider the scope of both producers’ and the consumers’ responsibility,since this will promote fairness in defining emission responsibility and enhance cooperation in emission reduction among provinces.This paper proposes a new method for calculating carbon emissions from the power sector at the provincial level based on the shared responsibility principle and taking into account interregional power exchange.This method can not only be used to account the emission responsibility shared by both the electricity production side and the consumption side,but it is also applicable for calculating the corresponding emission responsibility undertaken by those provinces with net electricity outflow and inflow.This method has been used to account for the carbon emissions responsibilities of the power sector at the provincial level in China since 2011.The empirical results indicate that compared with the production-based accounting method,the carbon emissions of major power-generation provinces in China calculated by the shared responsibility accounting method are reduced by at least 10%,but those of other power-consumption provinces are increased by 20% or more.Secondly,based on the principle of shared responsibility accounting,Inner Mongolia has the highest carbon emissions from the power sector while Hainan has the lowest.Thirdly,four provinces,including Inner Mongolia,Shanxi,Hubei and Anhui,have the highest carbon emissions from net electricity outflow- 14 million t in 2011,accounting for 74.42% of total carbon emissions from net electricity outflow in China.Six provinces,including Hebei,Beijing,Guangdong,Liaoning,Shandong,and Jiangsu,have the highest carbon emissions from net electricity inflow- 11 million t in 2011,accounting for 71.44% of total carbon emissions from net electricity inflow in China.Lastly,this paper has estimated the emission factors of electricity consumption at the provincial level,which can avoid repeated calculations when accounting the emission responsibility of power consumption terminals（e.g.construction,automobile manufacturing and other industries）.In addition,these emission factors can also be used to account the emission responsibilities of provincial power grids.     

香烟燃烧排放的主流烟气中PAHs的含量检测研究

研究10种不同价格香烟燃烧烟气的多环芳烃(PAHs)含量特征,结果表明,每种香烟烟气都含有多环芳烃,但是含量差别较大,平均值为405.405ng/g。在检测出来的多环芳烃中,主要是以2,3环多环芳烃为主,占据的比例达到80%左右。因此香烟烟气中的多环芳烃应该引起人们的广泛关注。     

化工装置停工放空过程中VOCs排放及估算方法

通过分析化工企业典型开、停车过程的排污节点,表明停车过程中大气挥发性有机污染物主要来自装置退料结束后挂壁、底部滞留和内部空间蒸气等滞留在设备内部的残余物料。在总结化工装置停工放空过程中大气挥发性有机物来源的基础上,讨论并提出大气污染排放量估算方法。     

燃煤电厂在线监测系统颗粒物浓度排放系数影响因素的探讨

选取上海市7家未安装气-气换热器的国控燃煤电厂作为研究对象,从煤质、除尘器、脱硫协同脱除作用以及锅炉工况负荷等方面探讨对颗粒物浓度排放系数 K值产生的影响,得出上述因素通过改变脱硫进口颗粒物浓度值影响 K值,当脱硫进口颗粒物浓度较低、波动范围较小时,其 K值也维持相对稳定的状态;当脱硫进口颗粒物浓度较高、波动范围较大时,其 K值也会发生较大的变化等结论。     

Magnetic mapping of fly-ash pollution and heavy metals from soil samples around a point source in a dry tropical environment

The Singrauli region in the southeastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India is one of the most polluted industrial sites of Asia. It encompasses 11 open cast coalmines and six thermal power stations that generate about 7,500 MW (about 10% of India’s installed generation capacity) electricity. Thermal power plants represent the main source of pollution in this region, emitting six million tonnes of fly-ash per annum. Fly-ash is deposited on soils over a large area surrounding thermal power plants. Fly-ashes have high surface concentrations of several toxic elements (heavy metals) and high atmospheric mobility. Fly ash is produced through high-temperature combustion of fossil fuel rich in ferromagnetic minerals. These contaminants can be identified using rock-magnetic methods. Magnetic susceptibility is directly linked to the concentration of ferromagnetic minerals, primarily high values of magnetite. In this study, magnetic susceptibility of top soil samples collected from surrounding areas of a bituminous-coal-fired power plant were measured to identify areas of high emission levels and to chart the spatial distribution of airborne solid particles. Sites close to the power plant have shown higher values of susceptibility that decreases with increasing distance from the source. A significant correlation between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content in soils is found. A comparison of the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility with heavy-metal concentrations in soil samples suggests that magnetic measurements can be used as a rapid and inexpensive method for proxy mapping of air borne pollution due to industrial activity.     

火力发电行业主要气态污染物排放量计算方法研究

针对目前我国火力发电行业气态污染物排放量计算方法使用混乱的情况,根据欧盟《空气污染物排放清单指南》和美国《空气污染物排放因子汇编》,介绍了火电行业主要气态污染物排放量的实际测量及理论计算方法。提出我国火电行业应根据实际情况,选择实际测量、排放因子或经验公式等方法计算污染物排放量;使用排放因子方法计算SO2排放量时,应开展S元素转化率的研究;火电厂应增加燃料中N元素的分析,以利于NOx排放量的准确估算。     

集合数值预报系统在上海市空气质量预测预报中的应用研究

介绍了上海市世博环境空气质量集合数值预报系统的框架,分析了各模式在上海市空气质量预报及排放源污染贡献测算中的应用情况,提出开发多种预报手段、实施集合预报是提高城市空气质量预报准确率的发展方向。     

浅谈验收监测中水污染物排放总量的核算与评价

简述了水污染物排放总量核算与评价的基本概念。结合实际工作经验,对新建项目水污染物排放总量核算与评价、改扩建项目水污染物排放总量核算与评价分别进行分析与探讨,并提出了核算与评价方法和建议。     

绍兴市典型印染废水中重金属锑排放现状及排放源调查

分析和统计的86家印染工业企业当中,废水总排口中的总锑超标率为25.6%,质量浓度0.050 mg/L以下较低排放浓度所占比例最大,达62.8%。印染废水锑排放源主要有涤棉和涤纶化纤类布料的染色、印花工艺废水,碱减量工艺废水等,工业液碱、废酸以及硫酸铝污水处理剂等原料当中含锑浓度较高。印染废水经污水处理厂集中纳管深度处理后,锑排放浓度较低,锑去除效率最高达到88.0%,大大降低了环境地表水体锑污染的风险。