乌江梯级水库水陆交错区湿地植物群落分布格局及多样性初探

水库修建对湿地植物多样性和分布格局的影响是目前研究的热点。梯级水库由于开发时间的不同而成为理想的利用空间代替时间的研究平台,即可以通过不同开发时间水库植物群落结构的横向比较,从时间尺度上评估水电开发对水陆交错区湿地植物分布格局的影响。本研究选取乌江上游代表性的8座梯级水库,在其水陆交错区通过建立3条不同样带,比较分析不同水库间以及不同样带间湿地植物多样性和分布格局,探讨水库修建对湿地植物格局的影响。调查结果表明,乌江干流8个水库湿地植物共84科199属247种,其中物种最多的科为禾本科(Gramineae),共计24种,物种最多的属为蓼属(Polygonum)共计6种,优势物种分别为白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、盐肤木(Rhus chinensis)、金樱子(Rosa laevigata)、小白酒草(Conyza canadensis)和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)。就湿地植物分布格局而言,乌江梯级水库植物群落呈现出明显的带状分布格局,第一条样带即水库消落区植物多样性与非消落区(第二、第三条样带)差异明显,消落区不同样点间多样性与水库海拔、水库修建时间、水库坡度密切相关,后续湿地植物的研究将重点关注梯级水库的消落区。     

不同资源环境梯度下吉林西部生态经济系统能值分析

利用能值方法,从东南-西北方向选取吉林西部长岭、乾安、大安、镇赉四县市进行不同资源环境梯度下生态经济系统演变的对比分析。结果表明1989-2001年研究区多项能值指标差异明显:①系统稳定性方面,降水相对较多的长岭和乾安稳定性强于镇赉和大安。能值密度及能值投入率为长岭>乾安>大安>镇赉。能值产出以及能值积累量呈增大趋势,增幅长岭>乾安>大安>镇赉;②系统产出结构变化显著,虽然种植业比例有所下降,但一直是长岭、乾安的主导产业,镇赉、大安畜牧业超过种植业成为主导产业,系统平均能值产出率为长岭(1.89)<乾安(1.96)<大安(1.99)<镇赉(2.29);③环境负载率长岭<乾安<大安<镇赉,可持续发展指数则相反;④资源环境条件尤其是降水是该区生态经济系统状态的重要影响因素。     

湖滨带生态系统恢复与重建的理论、技术及其应用

从湖滨带的基本概念入手，简述了湖滨带生态系统恢复与重建的基本内涵、恢复与重建的目标、原则及对健康生态系统的判定方法。介绍了湖滨带生态系统恢复与重建的理论。文中还对湖滨带生态恢复与重建的过程进行了论述，对主要应用的技术进行了详细的对比分析。文章最后对未来技术研究的方向和思路进行了展望。     

农牧交错带退耕还草地土壤风蚀影响因子分析

使用对比、回归分析和主成分分析的方法，研究影响农牧交错带退耕还草地土壤风蚀的因子。结果认为，试验地区土壤在3月-5月间潜在风蚀最强，相同气候条件下，退耕还草地比农田受风力侵蚀的几率低；被试范围内随土壤体积质量、植物基盖度、留茬高度、地表粗糙度和土壤非侵蚀性团聚体含量的增加，风蚀强度均呈下降趋势；构建的2个相互对立的土壤风蚀影响因子中，对土壤风蚀的影响最大的是留茬高度因子，其次为地表粗糙度因子。     

Distribution of plants differing in attitude toward thermal conditions in communities of the timberline ecotone on Mount Iremel’, the Southern Urals

Specific features in the distribution of plant species differing in their attitude toward thermal conditions have been studied in communities of the present-day timberline ecotone on Mount Iremel’ in the Southern Urals. It has been shown that the distribution of such species is characterized by significant spatial nonuniformity. Elevation above sea level, local conditions in habitats located at the same altitudinal level, and specific features of mountain slopes account for 13–84, 5–30, and 0.4–14% of the total variance of test parameters, respectively. The abundance of plants changes nonlinearly along the altitudinal gradient, whereas changes in the species diversity of different plant groups have an almost linear pattern. Marked differences between plant communities with respect to the proportions of species differently responding to changes in thermal conditions have been revealed on all slopes in the upper part of the timberline ecotone, upon transition from the slopes proper to the plateau-like areas of intermontane depressions.     

农牧交错区生态环境建设与可持续农业发展研究

我国北方农牧交错区的地理分布特点，决定了它在我国农业生态上举足轻重的地位。面对日益严峻的环境问题，加大农牧交错区生态环境建设力度对改善该区生态环境和实现农业可持续发展具有十分重要的作用。针对农牧交错区面临的主要生态问题，提出了该区生态环境建设及实现农业可持续发展的基本对策。     

Forest-Climate Interactions in the Quetico-Superior Ecotone (Northwest Ontario and Northern Minnesota)

Acute ecological changes in North American boreal forests in this century are attributed to an array of factors including human activities. In the Quetico-Superior Ecotone of Northwest Ontario and Northern Minnesota warmer, drier climate conditions since mid-century have concurred with extensive manipulation of regional forests by fire suppression and clear-cut logging. Predicted effects of climate changes expected for the next century could compete with transformations in these systems over the past 10 000 yr. The degree of alteration of natural processes and patterns in North American boreal forests requires implementation of realistic strategies to ensure that sufficiently large tracts of these systems maintain their natural integrity.     

Altitudinal and horizontal shifts of the upper boundaries of open and closed forests in the Polar Urals in the 20th century

In the Polar Urals (the Rai-Iz massif and Mounts Tchernaya and Malaya Tchernaya), altitudinal and horizontal shifts of the upper boundary of open and closed larch forests in the 20th century have been studied. Spatiotemporal parameters of these shifts have been assessed with the aid of the ARC/INFO geographic information system (ESRI Inc., United States), using our original large-scale geobotanical maps showing the distribution of different types of forest-tundra communities in the early 1910s and 2000s. The results show that tree vegetation has been actively expanding to higher elevations over the past 90 years. On average, the upper boundaries of open and closed forests have ascended 26 and 35 m and shifted horizontally 290 and 520 m, respectively. These shifts have been conditioned by climate warming and increasing humidity observed since the 1920s.     

城乡交错带--特殊的生态区

从城乡交错带的概念出发,分析了城乡交错带与城市化和生态交错带的关系,并讨论了城乡交错带的城乡复合特征、界面效应及动态变化等生态特征。     

Visualizing riparian ecotone fragmentation in urbanizing watersheds: A case study of upper Hickory Creek,north‐Central Texas

Many pollution sources and heavy runoff often plague urbanizing watersheds. Riparian ecotones can filter pollutants and attenuate runoff; however, changing land cover tends to diminish this buffering capacity. Visualizing riparian ecotone fragmentation at the watershed scale can help prioritize management efforts. A geographic information systems approach was developed to illustrate land cover and soil properties affecting buffering potential along riparian corridors. An application to the Hickory Creek watershed in north‐central Texas shows significant riparian ecotone fragmentation, suggesting high‐priority areas for preservation and restoration.