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闻大中 《生态与农村环境学报》1995,(2)
对近年来农业生态系统能流和能量分析研究的某些新进展进行了介绍和评述,重点介绍了HTOdum所创立的能值概念和Giampietro等人提出的生物物理资本概念。对这些新概念在农业生态系统分析中的应用进行了讨论。 相似文献
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T. A. Goryacheva 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2002,33(4):249-252
The results of studies on the humus state of soils in agrosystems of the Middle Urals (1984–1997) are described. It is shown that the change of agricultural technologies (crop rotation, doses of organic fertilizers, etc.) transforms environmental conditions and the direction of humus formation processes. Parameters such as the concentrations of humus and water-soluble carbon and soil potential for humus accumulation reliably characterize the humus state of arable soil and allow the mobility and migration rate of humic substances to be monitored. 相似文献
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中国农田生态系统的服务功能及其经济价值 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
采用生态经济学的方法,对中国农田生态系统的服务功能进行了价值化评估.结果表明,2003年中国农田生态系统提供的总服务价值为19 121.8×108元(2003年现价),其中,正面服务价值为22 334.1×108元,由于灌溉、化肥及农药的使用,给人类福利造成的损失为3 212.3×108元;单位面积农田提供的服务价值为18 960.6元/hm2,其中,农产品生产的价值为14 788.7元/hm2,其它服务价值为4 171.9元/hm2,灌溉等给人类福利造成的损失为3 185.2元/hm2;各地区农田的生态服务功能差别较大,其价值量波动在86.8~5 050.8×108元之间,黄淮海和长江中下游地区所占比重较大,二者合计占总量的52.2%;各地区单位面积农田提供的服务价值为5 159~34 984.3元/hm2,华南和长江中下游地区相对较大,内蒙古和东北地区相对较低. 相似文献
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作物布局是农业生产的一个重要环节,直接关系到农业生态系统资源输入(物质条件、科学技术、气候资源和生物资源等)的利用和转化效率的高低。因为系统输入的资源是非定常的,尤其是天气气候条件年际之间是不同的,本文在年型预测的基础上,确定在不同天气气候条件下的作物合理布局。 相似文献
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The effects of the five herbicides propanil, quinclorac, molinate/propanil, 2,4-D amine, and bensulfuron on Odonata diversity and abundance at the experimental rice plots was investigated. A total of 13 Odonata morphospecies belonging to two families have been identified. Treated plots exhibited higher species richness (up to 12 species) than the control plot (8 species). Ishnura spp. was the most abundant species in the treated plots with a mean density of 194.2 individuals per m2, (ind m?2) followed by Brachythemis contaminata (152 ind m?2) and Agriocnemis spp. (124 ind m?2). In the control plots, Agrocnemis spp. was the dominant species (153 ind m?2) followed by Ishnura spp. (143 ind m?2) and Neurothemis fluctuans (59 ind m?2). In the propanil-treated plot, the highest number of odonate species (10 species) was recorded followed by the plots treated with quinclorax and molinate/propanil (9 species). On the 2,4-D amine or bensulfuron-treated plots as well as the control plot, only eight odonate species were recorded. This study revealed that herbicide application had a positive effect on Odonata diversity. This seems reasonable as Odonata are non-target organisms for herbicides. Furthermore, the decomposed weeds resulting from herbicide application would enrich the water with necessary organic matter. 相似文献
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农业生态系统和大气间的温室效应气体交换 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
农业生态系统是温室效应气体的一个重要的源和汇.主要的温室效应气体直接或者间接的与这个系统有关,自然植被的破坏和土地的农业利用,包括稻田种植面积的扩大和氮肥的大量使用既增加了二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮等主要温室效应气体的释放,又减少了土壤对甲烷的吸收.本文还讨论了土壤过程与温室效应气体释放和吸收的关系以及影响上述过程的因素. 相似文献