美国油气开发钻井废物排放管理法规浅析

钻井是石油天然气勘探开发过程中的重要环节,钻井过程中污染物的排放管理也受到各国普遍的重视。对钻井污染物的特点进行了分析,在此基础上概括地介绍了美国的相关环境管理法规体系。重点论述了与钻井排污有关的资源保护与补偿法、安全饮用水法、清洁水法等,总结了可供我国借鉴的若干法规、标准制定的理念和方法。     

环评中锅炉房大气污染源强的确定

在环境评价中,污染源强的确定对环境影响因素评价的分析结果有重要作用。对锅炉房污染物排放的分析表明,影响锅炉房大气污染物的主要因素有燃料的构成、发热量和燃烧方式等。确定锅炉房大气污染物的方法主要有物料衡算法、实测法和经验系数法。在这三种方法中,物料衡算法被普遍采用。在确定锅炉房大气污染物的排放量时,也可以采用物料衡算法和实测法相结合的方法。     

大气环境立法新动向

大气环境法是随大气环境的变化而发展的。通过分析美、日、中等国家近年来的大气环境立法状况，概括出目前大气环境立法的五大趋势。这些趋势反映了人们对大气污染防治问题认识的深入和对大气环境污染防治法律观念的转变。     

室内空气污染问题及控制

介绍了室内空气污染的定义、特点以及主要污染物的来源和危害,并提出了室内空气污染的控制.     

亚甲蓝湿式氧化影响因素研究

以湿式氧化技术对亚甲蓝水溶液进行处理,用水样COD去除率评价处理效果.考察了反应时间、温度、氧分压、搅拌速度、进水pH值以及进水浓度对处理效果的影响,并进行机理分析.实验确定的最佳操作工艺条件为:反应温度210℃、氧分压2.0 MPa、搅拌速度880 r/min、进水pH=11.30.在此条件下,COD为2 000mg/L的亚甲蓝水溶液,反应90min时COD去除率达93.2%.     

气浮+生物接触氧化工艺处理食品加工废水

通过气浮 生物接触氧化工艺处理速冻食品加工废水的实验、设计和工程运行,结果表明:废水COD去除率能达到97%以上,使得最终出水的COD＜100mg/l.该工艺对冲击负荷有较强的适应性.     

多相催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度难降解有机废水的研究

在高压反应釜内，采用自制颗粒贵金属催化剂催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度饲料抗氧化剂合成废水，探讨了温度、压力、进水pH等反应条件对废水处理效果的影响。在温度为220℃、总压为8MPa条件下，COD，TOC，TN和色度的去除率分别达到77．0％，66．1％，70．2％，91％；处理后的废水pH很低，催化剂显示出较好的耐酸性；随进水pH的增加，COD的去除率逐渐降低，出水pH增加。     

污染物排放相关指标计算方法的研究

针对传统的污染排放数据指标计算方法存在的问题,提出污染物排放指标应根据排污强度和经济指标确定的新思路,同时提出污染物排放指标数据的快速测算模型设计.建议通过环境监测数据或物料衡算数据确定每个排污单位的平均排污强度,作为计算机处理的参数,再由该排污单位申报每月的经济指标(产量或产值),输入计算机计算其产污量、排污量和去除量.实施计算机管理的关键是选取适当的数据计算模型.新思路应该能够规范计算程序,建立污染源动态数据库,对排污数据实行有效的统计分析.     

The rise of glyphosate and new opportunities for biosentinel early‐warning studies

Glyphosate has become the most commonly used herbicide worldwide and is reputedly environmentally benign, nontoxic, and safe for use near wildlife and humans. However, studies indicate its toxicity is underestimated and its persistence in the environment is greater than once thought. Its actions as a neurotoxin and endocrine disruptor indicate its potential to act in similar ways to persistent organic pollutants such as the organochlorines dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dioxin. Exposure to glyphosate and glyphosate‐based herbicides for both wildlife and people is likely to be chronic and at sublethal levels, with multiple and ongoing exposure events occurring in urban and agricultural landscapes. Despite this, there has been little research on the impact of glyphosate on wildlife populations, and existing studies appear in the agricultural, toxicology, and water‐chemistry literature that may have limited visibility among wildlife biologists. These studies clearly demonstrate a link between chronic exposure and neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, cell damage, and immune suppression. There is a strong case for the recognition of glyphosate as an emerging organic contaminant and substantial potential exists for collaborative research among ecologists, toxicologists, and chemists to quantify the impact of glyphosate on wildlife and to evaluate the role of biosentinel species in a preemptive move to mitigate downstream impacts on people. There is scope to develop a decision framework to aid the choice of species to biomonitor and analysis methods based on the target contaminant, spatial and temporal extent of contamination, and perceived risk. Birds in particular offer considerable potential in this role because they span agricultural and urban environments, coastal, inland, and wetland ecosystems where glyphosate residues are known to be present.     

Connecting the Dots: Public Engagement with Environmental Data

Air pollution and other environmental hazards are often imperceptible and need to be made publicly visible. The paper argues for the importance of visualizations in drawing public attention to imperceptible hazards and in providing the public with access to empirical data describing the risks. It also argues for critical inquiry into hazards’ selective visibility as it is produced by visualizations. The impact of visualizations and their selective visibility are considered through the example of a public art project called Particle Falls installed in 2014 in Pittsburgh, a city with a long history of both ignoring air pollution and working to ameliorate this problem. I examine the impact and selective visibility of Particle Falls by considering the underlying production of data, as well as context and support systems for this visualization, and by comparing it with other visualizations of local air quality.