PM10冲击采样器切割头设计参数对切割粒径的影响

本文从颗粒在气流中的受力情况分析入手 ,得到冲击采样器中喷嘴喷出后颗粒的运动轨迹方程以及运动轨迹与采样器切割头设计参数的关系式。分析了PM10空气采样器的切割原理 ,并利用数值计算研究颗粒在不同的流量、喷嘴尺寸及喷嘴与冲击板的距离下的运动轨迹 ,从而得到切割头设计参数对切割粒径的影响     

农药污染地下水的微生物治理及含水层渗透性变化研究

采用了从农药厂阿特拉津生产车间排污口污泥中分离出的菌种AT菌 ,进行了农药阿特拉津污染地下水微生物治理的模拟实验研究 ,在实验条件 (T =10℃ ,pH =7.5 )与野外含水层的条件基本一致情况下 ,难于生物降解的污染质阿特拉津的一次投菌降解率可达 3 1.0 8% ;设计了两种有效细菌的投放方式以模拟野外条件下的菌种投加条件。另外 ,AT菌的作用会造成被治理含水层的渗透性能降低 ,两种投菌方式下 ,实验后含水层的渗透系数分别下降 60 .5 4%和 3 4 5 6%。清水冲洗 10d的渗透性恢复率分别为 48.96%及 81.3 6% ,说明清水渗透恢复的方法效果明显     

Traffic congestion and ozone precursor emissions in Bilbao (Spain)

GOAL. SCOPE. BACKGROUND: In urban environments, the measured levels of ozone are the result of the interaction between emissions of precursors (mainly VOCs and NOx) and meteorological effects. In this work, time series of daily values of ozone, measured at three locations in Bilbao (Spain), have been built. Then, after removing meteorological effects from them, ozone and traffic data have been analyzed jointly. The goal was to identify traffic situations and link them to ozone levels in the area of Bilbao. METHODS: To remove meteorological effects from the selected ozone time series, the technique developed by Rao and Zurbenko was used. This is a widely used technique and, after its application, the fraction obtained from a given ozone time series represents an ozone forming capability attributable to emissions of precursors. This fraction is devoid of any meteorological influence and includes only the apportion of periodicities above 1.7 years. In the case of Bilbao, the ozone fractions obtained at three locations have been compared on that time scale with traffic data from the area. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: For the 1993-1996 period, a regression analysis of the ozone and traffic fractions due to periodicities above 1.7 years (long-term fractions), shows that traffic is the main explanatory factor for ozone with R2 ranging from 0.916 to 0.996 at the three locations studied. Analysis of these longterm fractions has made it possible to identify two traffic regimes for the whole area, associated to different profiles of ozone forming capability. The first one favors low ozone forming capability, and is associated with a situation of fluent traffic. The second one shows high ozone forming capability and represents congestion. Joint analysis of raw data of ozone and traffic do not show any clear pattern due to the strong masking effects that seasonal-meteorological effects (mainly radiation) have on the measured ozone signal. If only immission data of ozone are available, as in this case, a comparison between ozone and traffic can only be made on the long-term time scale, since that is the only fraction embedded in the ozone time series that can exclusively be attributed to emissions of precursors. This fact stresses the need to study the different fractions embedded in the time series of ozone measured levels separately. CONCLUSION: Though the coefficients obtained in the regression are only valid for the 1993-1996 period, these traffic regimes represent long-term targets (congestion or fluent traffic) that can inspire policies for a joint management of the traffic and pollution by ozone in the area of Bilbao beyond that period. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: The results of this work show the need of a joint management of ozone and traffic in Bilbao. Since an accurate knowledge of traffic was not available, the use of emission factors to relate traffic and actual ozone levels has not been possible. For this reason, this study has focused on the long-term fractions of traffic and ozone. In the future, if a more accurate knowledge of traffic is available, it will be possible to find relationships between traffic and ozone on all time scales.     

大气污染物总量控制方法的研究

污染物总量控制是目前我国广泛应用的一种控制区域环境质量达标的方法 ,在总量控制中 ,环境容量分配的科学化、合理化和各点浓度的合理值计算是至关重要的。本文就此做些研究 ,以确保实现从局部到区域的环境质量达标。     

加压溶气气浮设备理论溶气量的计算

本文通过对加压溶气过程的分析 ,建立了理想加压溶气过程模型 ,在此基础上推导出新的理论溶气量计算公式 ,并与现有的计算公式进行了比较。     

北京市机动车排放遥感监测分析

机动车排放遥感监测反映实际道路行驶中的排放状况,对全面分析排放水平有很强的统计意义。北京市机动车排放遥感监测的CO、HC和NOx的平均浓度分别为1.94%、388×10-6和700×10-6。北京市机动车排放的CO、HC和NOx中50%分别来自于15.90%、13.98%、11.13%的高排放车,但某车辆对于一种污染物出现高排放并不意味着它对其他污染物也是高排放。根据遥感监测得到北京市轻型汽油车基于油耗的CO、HC和NOx平均尾气管排放因子分别为200.1g/L、11.05 g/L和6.68 g/L。     

建筑陶瓷行业SO2污染物评价及总量控制实用方法

采用高斯点源模型对建陶生产造成的SO2地面浓度增量进行计算.利用比例下降模型计算建陶业的SO2允许排放总量,并根据企业的设备生产能力进行了总量分配,在方法上具有较强的可操作性,计算结果表明,可有效降低所在地区的SO2地面浓度.     

卧式螺旋污泥好氧动态堆肥技术的研究

利用卧式螺旋式污泥好氧堆肥装置进行间歇式动态堆肥,对污水厂厌氧消化污泥进行了中温堆肥试验研究.通过控制各组堆肥的含水率、物料配比和通气量,重点探讨各种条件下堆体温度与有机物降解的关系.试验结果表明,厌氧消化污泥以木屑为调理剂在装置中可以实现好氧堆肥处理,其适宜的物料控制参数为:污泥:木屑=10:1～1.5(湿重比),堆肥含水率50%～60%;过程控制参数为:通风量为6.7～8.3 m3/h·t,发酵周期为8 d,温度45℃.     

多循环CCRs法在分离燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2方面的应用

随着温室效应和全球变暖的加剧,煤燃烧所排出的CO2作为引起温室效应的主要气体而引起人们的密切关注.由于燃煤锅炉所排放的尾气中所含的CO2的体积份额低、排放量大,而且处于微负压状态,因此目前控制和分离吸收CO2的方法,包括各类吸收法、吸附法、膜分离法和O2/CO2燃烧技术等,能够经济可行地适用于电力工业燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2分离的方法非常少.与上述各类方法相比,钙基吸收剂CCRs(calcination/carbonation reactions)法是一种新兴的经济可行的分离燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2的方法.对采用该法时,吸收剂的选择、吸收剂在多次CCRs过程中结构特点的变化、提高吸收剂对CO2的吸收容量以及防止吸收剂反应性的衰减等方面进行了详细的阐述.