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901.
902.
介绍了雷电对空气自动监测站是如何造成危害的,阐述了雷电侵入空气自动监测站的途径及防止雷击的办法。 相似文献
903.
904.
Andreas Klumpp Wolfgang Ansel Gabriele Klumpp Vicent Calatayud Jean Pierre Garrec Shang He Josep Peuelas ngela Ribas Helge Ro-Poulsen Stine Rasmussen María Jos Sanz Phillippe Vergne 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2006,40(40):7963-7974
In the frame of a European research project on air quality in urban agglomerations, data on ozone concentrations from 23 automated urban and suburban monitoring stations in 11 cities from seven countries were analysed and evaluated. Daily and summer mean and maximum concentrations were computed based on hourly mean values, and cumulative ozone exposure indices (Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40), AOT20) were calculated. The diurnal profiles showed a characteristic pattern in most city centres, with minimum values in the early morning hours, a strong rise during the morning, peak concentrations in the afternoon, and a decline during the night. The widest amplitudes between minimum and maximum values were found in central and southern European cities such as Düsseldorf, Verona, Klagenfurt, Lyon or Barcelona. In the northern European cities of Edinburgh and Copenhagen, by contrast, maximum values were lower and diurnal variation was much smaller. Based on ozone concentrations as well as on cumulative exposure indices, a clear north–south gradient in ozone pollution, with increasing levels from northern and northwestern sites to central and southern European sites, was observed. Only the Spanish cities did not fit this pattern; there, ozone levels were again lower than in central European cities, probably due to the direct influence of strong car traffic emissions. In general, ozone concentrations and cumulative exposure were significantly higher at suburban sites than at urban and traffic-exposed sites. When applying the newly established European Union (EU) Directive on ozone pollution in ambient air, it was demonstrated that the target value for the protection of human health was regularly surpassed at urban as well as suburban sites, particularly in cities in Austria, France, northern Italy and southern Germany. European target values and long-term objectives for the protection of vegetation expressed as AOT40 were also exceeded at many monitoring sites. 相似文献
905.
垃圾焚烧发电过程中的二次污染物控制处理技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
概述了二口恶英、重金属、酸性气体、灰渣等垃圾焚烧二次污染物的形成机理,并详细介绍了通过控制垃圾焚烧条件、尾气处理以及吸附等方法,可以有效控制二口恶英类污染物的排放;重金属的控制可以用除尘器或使用相应的吸附剂处理;采用较为成熟的烟气处理技术,可以控制处理酸性气体;灰渣可采用固化稳定化和酸或其他溶剂提出法处置。 相似文献
906.
新装饰装修房屋室内空气中的苯系物调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对新装饰装修房屋室内的一类主要有机苯系污染物进行了调查,调查采用吸附柱采集、GC/MS 和GC-FID测定,检测了321家居室内的苯系物.检出的苯系物有12种,苯平均浓度为0.068 mg/m^3,有86.9%的居室符合《室内空气质量标准》(GB/T18883-2002)规定的限量值,甲苯、二甲苯平均浓度分别为0.14 mg/m^3和0.41 mg/m^3,符合《室内空气质量标准》规定限值的居室分别达85.4%和73.3%.苯系物约占室内空气中TVOC的62%,浓度由低到高分别是苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯,其中二甲苯中的间二甲苯占二甲苯总量的55% . 相似文献
907.
不同功能区空气负离子的监测分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
监测了西宁地区不同功能区空气负离子状况,以公园游览区空气负离子浓度最高,平均358个/cm^3;工业区最低,平均浓度259个/cm^3。各功能区空气负离子浓度明显不同,P〈0.01。用空气负离子浓度、空气离子单级系数和安培空气质量评价指数评价各功能区空气质量,从好到差依次为:公园游览区、生活居住区、商业交通繁忙区、工业区。3种评价指标结果相同,符合一般规律。 相似文献
908.
焚烧秸秆对城市空气质量的影响及对策 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
通过夏收季节农民焚烧秸秆的烟尘,引起对城市环境空气质量变化的分析,结果表明:焚烧秸秆对城市环境空气质量有很大影响,使环境空气质量明显下降,而主要污染物为可吸入颗粒物PM10。有关部门应采取有效措施,禁止焚烧秸秆,同时应积极为农民寻找合理利用秸秆的途径,减少对城市空气的烟尘污染。 相似文献
909.
910.
Müller K Pelzing M Gnauk T Kappe A Teichmann U Spindler G Haferkorn S Jahn Y Herrmann H 《Chemosphere》2002,49(10):1247-1256
An increasing percentage of agricultural land in Germany is used for oil seed plants. Hence, rape has become an important agricultural plant (in Saxony 1998: 12% of the farmland) in the recent years. During flowering of rape along with intensive radiation and high temperatures, a higher production and emission of biogenic VOC was observed. The emissions of terpenes were determined and more importantly, high concentrations of organic carbonyl compounds were observed during this field experiment. All measurements of interest have been carried out during two selected days with optimal weather conditions. It is found that the origin or the mechanism of formation of different group of compounds had strong influence on the day to day variation of their concentrations. The emission flux of terpenes from flowering rape plants was determined to be 16–32 μg h−1 m−2 (30–60 ng h−1 per g dry plant––540–1080 ng h−1 per plant), in total. Limonene, -thujene and sabinene were the most important compounds (about 60% of total terpenes). For limonene and sabinene reference emission rates (MS) and temperature coefficients were determined: βlimonene=0.108 K−1 and MS=14.57 μg h−1 m−2; βsabinene=0.095 K−1 and MS=5.39 μg h−1 m−2.
The detected carbonyl compound concentrations were unexpectedly high (maximum formaldehyde concentration was 18.1 ppbv and 3.4 ppbv for butyraldehyde) for an open field. Possible reasons for these concentrations are the combination of primary emission from the plants induced by high temperature and high ozone stress, the secondary formation from biogenically and advected anthropogenically emitted VOC at high radiation intensities and furthered by the low wind speeds at this time. 相似文献