Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, Southern China: Implications for sources and historical changes

The distribution of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd and As) in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary was investigated. The spatial distribution of heavy metals displayed a decreasing pattern from the turbidity maxima to both upstream and downstream of the estuary, which suggested that suspended sediments played an important role in the trace metal distribution in the Pearl River Estuary. In addition, metal concentrations were higher in the west part of the estuary which received most of the pollutants from the Pearl River. In the sediment cores, fluxes of heavy metals were consistent with a predominant anthropogenic input in the period 1970-1990. From the mid-1990s to the 2000s, there was a significant decline in heavy metal pollution. The observed decline has shown the result of pollution control in the Pearl River Delta. However, it is noteworthy that the metal concentrations in the most recent sediment still remained considerably high. Taken together, the enrichment of heavy metals in sediments was largely controlled by anthropogenic pollution.     

内蒙古自治区国家环保重点城市近五年环境空气质量现状研究

本文通过对呼和浩特市、包头市、赤峰市3个国家环保重点城市近五年的环境空气质量监测结果的整理统计,分析、评价了呼和浩特市、包头市、赤峰市的环境空气质量现状及主要污染物的变化趋势,结果表明：与2005年相比,呼和浩特市、包头市、赤峰市的空气质量均有明显改善。     

河流水环境质量评价研究——对评价系统、评价方法的新探讨

本文旨在对河流水环境资源中水质、水量二要素的评价以及对定量、定性数据的综合评价进行方法论上的探讨。文中提出了模糊数学评价的改进方法,建立了一套水量评价标准和评价方法;建立了“优势度”概念并提出了水质、水量多目标定量、定性数据综合评价方法。以四川省沱江为例,对上述方法进行验证,根据评价结果划分河段,并对各河段的水资源合理利用及水环境规划提出建议。     

第一次全国污染源普查数据处理和分析软件关键技术最佳实践

结合第一次全国污染源普查数据采集处理和分析软件的应用过程,对第一次全国污染源普查数据采集和处理的背景、流程、技术框架和主要建设内容等进行了介绍,并对软件的成功实施和关键技术的最佳实践进行了研究,为下一次全国污染源普查提供了技术积累。     

DELtatox便携式毒性测试仪在Q—TOX和B—TOX两种模式下应用与探讨

随着经济社会的发展,突发性水质污染事故日趋增多。因此能够快速、准确测定水质状况是环境应急监测的一项重要工作。在一起水厂取水口有人投药打鱼事故中,采用DELtatox便携式毒性测试仪在Q—TOX和B—TOX两种模式下快速检测事发地水质,结果表明快速、高效的检测为此次污染事故的成功处置提供了技术支持,为以后类似突发污染事故的应急监测提供了参考。     

Spatial variability of organochlorine pesticides （DDTs and HCHs） in surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing, China

The spatial variability in the concentrations of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) in surface soils was studied on the basis of the analysis of 131 soil samples collected from the surface layer (0-20 cm depth) of the alluvial region of Beijing, China. The concentrations of total HCHs (including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-isomers) and total DDTs (i ncluding p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT) in the surface soils tested were in the range from nondetectable to 31.72 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 0.91, and from nondetectable to 5910.83 μg/kg dry soil, with a mean value of 32.13,respectively. It was observed that concentrations of HCHs in all soil samples and concentrations of DDTs in 112 soil samples were much lower than the first grade (50 μg/kg) permitted in "Environment quality standard for soils in China (GB15618-1995)". This suggests that the pollution due to organochlorine pesticides was generally not significant in the farmland soils in the Beijing alluvial region. In this study, the spatial distribution and trend of HCHs and DDTs were analyzed using Geostatistical Analyst and GS (513).Spatial distribution indicated how these pesticides had been applied in the past. Trend analysis showed that the concentrations of HCHs,DDTs, and their related metabolites followed an obvious distribution trend in the surface soils from the alluvial region of Beijing.     

汉江流域水污染现状及污染源调查

评价了汉江流域水质污染现状：汉江流域干流水质好于支流,从上游至下游污染状况逐渐上升,主要污染物为COD、TP、NH3-N,污染特征为有机污染型。对汉江流域污染源进行了调查：汉江流域面源污染大于点源,排放负荷较大的是农业地表径流、城镇生活污水、畜禽养殖。     

中国水环境非点源污染负荷的估算研究

中国已占水环境容量中,除了点源污染以外,非点源污染也占有相当比重,非点源污染负荷的定量化研究势在必行.国外对非点源污染的研究开始较早,成果也较成熟.从20世纪80年代以来,中国也逐渐认识到非点源污染的存在及其危害性,开始了非点源污染的控制研究.但是中国对非点源污染问题的研究现在尚处于初级阶段,多为借鉴国外模型.文章分析了国内外对非点源污染的研究方法和研究现状,介绍了适合中国国情的非点源污染负荷估算的方法,包括流域水文估算法、大尺度区域中非点源污染负荷估算的方法.     

高砷煤燃烧影响下室内外空气砷含量特征

利用空气总悬浮物采样器和安德森颗粒物分级采样器,对陕西南部燃煤型砷中毒地区的室内外空气样品进行了采集和化学分析,探讨了室内外空气ρ(总砷)与煤w(砷)的关系,以及空气ρ(总砷)在不同粒径颗粒物中的分布特征. 结果表明:室内外空气ρ(总砷)均与煤w(砷)呈显著正相关,烤火间空气ρ(总砷)与煤w(砷)的相关系数(R)为0.80(P<0.01);室外空气ρ(总砷)平均值与当地煤w(砷)平均值的相关系数(R)为0.97(P<0.01);烤火间空气ρ(总砷)高峰主要出现在向煤炉添煤3 h后的旺火期,且旺火期的室内空气ρ(总砷)与空气ρ(粉尘)呈显著正相关(R0.74,P<0.05).与土木结构相比,砖混结构房屋有助于减少燃煤释放到空气中的砷在不同房间之间的扩散;室内不同房间之间、室外不同地点之间以及室内外的空气ρ(总砷)差异主要表现在颗粒物粒径小于2.1 μm的部分;天气状况对室内空气ρ(总砷)随颗粒物粒径的分布没有明显影响.      

三江平原水田氮的侧渗输出研究

为探讨三江平原水田面源污染物氮的输出机制,通过不同尺度田间原位实验,研究了氮在水田-田埂-渠系系统侧渗输出过程中氮含量、田埂截留率及侧渗速率的变化规律.并对水田氮流失负荷进行了量化.结果表明,近沟渠田埂宽度对侧渗速率和截留氮素的能力影响明显.随田埂宽度的增加,侧渗速率降低,而田埂对氮素的截留能力增强,其中,田埂对氨氮(...