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151.
影响人类健康的可呼吸性和可吸入颗粒物的研究近况 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
可呼吸性(粒径小于2.5μm)和可吸入颗粒物(粒径小于10μm)对人体健康的影响越来越引起人们的高度重视,该文将近几年来在可呼吸性和可吸入颗粒物对人类健康影响方面的研究予以评述。 相似文献
152.
Daizhou Zhang Guangyu Shi Yasunobu Iwasaka Min Hu Jiaye Zang 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(3-6):261-276
Analysis of individual particles collected at Beijing in northern China revealed that particles abundant in calcium (Ca) always
constituted a large fraction of mineral particles in the urban atmosphere. The particles were characterized by cubic morphologies.
The major mineral element in the particles was Ca and few or no other mineral elements were detected. A large number of the
particles were in the range of diameter <1 μm, where common natural mineral particles were rarely detected. The contribution
of the Ca particles to the volume of total mineral particles greatly exceeded that of other mineral particles during non-dust-storm
periods and was comparable to that during dust-storm periods. Reagent film tests showed that particulate sulfate and nitrate
formation on the Ca particles was similar to that on common mineral particles. These results indicate that a large portion
of Ca in the atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing was from anthropogenic sources rather than from natural sources, and
the anthropogenic Ca particles acted as a significant medium for the formation of sulfate and nitrate. Similar particles were
also detected at Qingdao, a coastal city in northern China. Data of a dust storm event showed that Ca-abundant particles from
East China arrived there and moved out of the continent, similarly to Asian dust storm particles, suggesting possible contributions
of anthropogenic Ca even in Asian dust storm samples in the downstream areas. Therefore, Ca may not be a good indicator of
Asian dust from natural sources. However, the Ca particles, due to their unique shapes and elemental compositions, may provide
an indicator for the atmospheric dispersion of anthropogenic particulate matters in East Asia. 相似文献
153.
Latex was purified from Parthenium argentatum Gray (guayule), Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. (the Brazilian or para rubber tree), and Ficus elastica Roxb. (the Indian rubber tree) in ammonium alginate at pH 10. The rheological properties of the different latices (rubber particle suspensions) were determined and compared using flow temperature ramps. Latex from all three species became more viscous with increasing rubber particle concentration and decreasing temperature. At any particular temperature and concentration, latex from F. elastica was by far the most viscous, whereas the H. brasiliensis latex was the least viscous. In addition, the tendency for the latex to coagulate increased with increasing temperature and increasing particle concentration. F. elastica latex was highly sensitive to temperature, H. brasiliensis latex was the least sensitive, and P. argentatum latex demonstrated intermediate properties. The underlying causes of these differences in latex rheology are not clear but may partially relate to the particle size (largest in F. elastica and smallest in H. brasiliensis), the particle size distribution, and/or to the considerable differences in the biochemical components of the monolayer biomembrane that surrounds the various rubber particles. Differences in the molecular weight of the rubber contained within the rubber particles seem less likely to play a role because the particles remain intact in this study. 相似文献
154.
Tim Chatterton Stephen Dorling Andrew Lovett Michael Stephenson 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(5-6):173-187
This study uses a combination of data from U.K. monitoringstations and from modelling undertaken with the U.K.Meteorological Office's NAME Model to investigate therelative influences of primary and secondary particulateson total PM10 levels at sites in the United Kingdom. Co-located PM10 and sulphate aerosol measurementsindicate that sulphate has a disproportionately largeinfluence on the variation of PM10 levels incomparison to its contribution to their total mass.Comparisons of measured PM10 at urban centre, roadsideand rural sites suggest that local primary sources havevery little influence on daily mean levels. NAME has beenused to model both primary particles and sulphate aerosolfrom sources across the whole of Europe. The discrepanciesbetween modelled and observed PM10 suggest that coarseparticles, such as windblown dust and resuspended roaddust,may comprise a very large, if not dominant, proportion ofobserved PM10 levels. The apparently minor role ofprimary particles (especially locally-sourced ones) raisesa number of issues regarding the suitability of current U.K.and European legislation to addressing the particle problem. 相似文献
155.
泸州市城市空气自然降尘和硫酸盐化速率的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以1992-2001年泸州市城市空气质量数据为依据,指出了该市自然降尘和硫酸盐化速率的变化规律,并对防治对策进行了探讨。 相似文献
156.
PM2.5 samples were collected by a three-stage cascade impactor at two kinds of Chinese restaurants to characterize fine organic particulate matter from Chinese cooking sources. Major individual organic compounds have been quantified by GC/MS, including series of alkanes, n-alkanoic acids, n-alkanals, alkan-2-0nes and PAHs.Alkanes and ketones make up a significant fraction of particle-phase organic compounds, ranging from C11 to C26,and (C9 to C19, respectively. In addition, other organic compound classes have been identified, such as alkanols,esters, furans, lactones, amides, and nitriles. The mass concentrations of fine particles, alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and PAHs in air emitted from the Uigur style cooking are hundreds times higher than ambient PM2.5in Beijing. 相似文献
157.
黄河水体颗粒物对3种多环芳烃光化学降解的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了、苯并(a)芘、苯并(ghi)3种多环芳烃在黄河水体中的光化学降解规律,探讨了黄河泥沙和黄土2种颗粒物对多环芳烃光化学降解的影响.结果表明:①当水体不含任何颗粒物时,多环芳烃的光降解符合一级反应动力学规律,且反应动力学常数随污染物初始浓度的降低而增加;3种多环芳烃的光降解速率与分子的吸收光谱相关.②黄土通过对光强的阻碍作用和其中所含腐殖质的光敏化作用影响多环芳烃的光化学降解,这2方面的共同作用导致不同浓度黄土所产生的影响不同.黄土浓度为0.1g/L或5g/L时促进了和苯并(a)芘的光降解;黄土浓度为5g/L时促进了苯并(ghi)的降解.当水体含有黄土时,多环芳烃的光降解符合二级动力学规律.③对多环芳烃光化学降解起主要作用的是黄土中存在的溶解性腐殖质,非溶解性腐殖质的作用不大.④由于黄河泥沙在河水中长期存在,泥沙中的溶解性腐殖质都已溶于水中,泥沙主要通过对光强的阻碍作用影响水体中多环芳烃的光降解,使光降解速率随泥沙浓度的增加呈幂指数降低. 相似文献
158.
西安作为汾渭平原地区最大的城市,大气颗粒物污染形势严峻.2017年夏季期间,在西安市浐灞生态园区运用气溶胶化学组分监测仪,对大气亚微米颗粒物中的非难挥发性组分(NR-PM1)进行了在线监测.观测期间NR-PM1的平均质量浓度为(30.1?±?15.4)μg???m?3.其中有机物含量最高,占NR-PM1总质量浓度的63... 相似文献
159.
苯胺在水体悬浮颗粒物上吸附特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过批量平衡法实验,比较了作为有机碱离子化有机污染物之一的苯胺在酸性、天然水和碱性水体中悬浮颗粒物上的吸附特征,并观察了水体颗粒物中腐殖酸含量对苯胺吸附行为的影响。结果表明,苯胺在水体悬浮颗粒物上的吸附遵守Fre-undlich方程:在pH5—10范围内苯胺被吸附的能力随介质pH值和颗粒物中有机质含量的升高而增大. 相似文献
160.