IPF混凝过程的定量计算模式(I):PCNM的应用

水处理过程IPF的混凝作用机理研究逐渐向半定量乃至定量化发展 .以典型IPF 颗粒物 水溶液体系的相互作用为例 ,对PCNM模式的应用从混凝剂的形态分布、投药量、pH以及其它影响因素加以研究讨论 .结果表明 ,经适当改进的PCNM能够较好地预测聚合铝的混凝特征 ,实验结果与模式预测值基本吻合 .对PCNM模式中存在的若干问题亦进行了详细讨论     

基于风险矢量图的多场景保护层分析方法研究

为解决多场景保护层分析(LOPA)存在的问题,建立风险矢量导图,将事故场景、独立保护层、修正因子、事故后果发生频率等因素进行系统分析,分别采用最大值法求和法计算后果发生频率,探讨多重初始事件导致事故发生频率的最优计算方法;阐述点火源、暴露因子以及致死概率等修正因子的使用方法并提出改进建议,避免常规LOPA下致死概率过高...     

盾构切削桩引起的桩基承载特性变化及可行性研究

为分析兰州地铁盾构隧道穿越既有桥梁工程方案的可行性,采用有限元数值模拟,研究盾构施工切削桩引起的桩基承载特性变化,分析盾构切削桩基前后桩体轴力、侧摩阻力和弯矩变化,探讨地表及桩基的位移变化.结果表明:直接切削桩将导致桩顶荷载重分布,隧道两侧1,4号桩桩顶荷载增大且增大19.3％ ～26.7％,而切断桩荷载减小且减小25...     

汽车后排座椅侧气囊仿真系统参数优化研究

为提升侧面碰撞中后排乘员胸腹部保护效果,在国内某款汽车原有侧面碰撞系统模型基础上,构建后排座椅侧气囊(RSAB)仿真试验模型,通过各项零部件试验与气囊模型对标后导入侧面碰撞系统试验模型;分析RSAB及气帘对后排被试的保护性能,针对胸腹部损伤防护优化侧面气囊相关参数,设计正交试验,运用极差分析法,得出最优参数组合,并对比...     

预测流速法烟尘采样中采样嘴的选择及采样流量的计算

本文用公式计算出合理的采样嘴直径和采样流量,可以提高工作效率和数据的准确性     

Underutilization of occupant restraint systems in motor vehicle injury crashes: A quantitative analysis from Qatar

Introduction: Restraint systems (seat belts and airbags) are important tools that improve vehicle occupant safety during motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). We aimed to identify the pattern and impact of the utilization of passenger restraint systems on the outcomes of MVC victims in Qatar.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for all admitted patients who sustained MVC-related injuries between March 2011 and March 2014 inclusive.

Results: Out of 2,730 road traffic injury cases, 1,830 (67%) sustained MVC-related injuries, of whom 88% were young males, 70% were expatriates, and 53% were drivers. The use of seat belts and airbags was documented in 26 and 2.5% of cases, respectively. Unrestrained passengers had greater injury severity scores, longer hospital stays, and higher rates of pneumonia and mortality compared to restrained passengers (P = .001 for all). There were 311 (17%) ejected cases. Seat belt use was significantly lower and the mortality rate was 3-fold higher in the ejected group compared to the nonejected group (P = .001). The overall mortality was 8.3%. On multivariate regression analysis, predictors of not using a seat belt were being a front seat passenger, driver, or Qatari national and young age. Unrestrained males had a 3-fold increase in mortality in comparison to unrestrained females. The risk of severe injury (relative risk [RR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–2.26, P = .001) and death (RR = 4.13, 95% CI, 2.31–7.38, P = .001) was significantly greater among unrestrained passengers.

Conclusion: The nonuse of seat belts is associated with worse outcomes during MVCs in Qatar. Our study highlights the lower rate of seat belt compliance in young car occupants that results in more severe injuries, longer hospital stays, and higher mortality rates. Therefore, we recommend more effective seat belt awareness and education campaigns, the enforcement of current seat belt laws, their extension to all vehicle occupants, and the adoption of proven interventions that will assure sustained behavioral changes toward improvements in seat belt use in Qatar.     

Efficient removal of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from soil washing effluent by dummy molecular imprinted adsorbents: Selectivity and mechanisms

Surfactant enhanced elution is an effective method for removing hydrophobic organic pollutants from soils. The key to the development of leaching technology is selective removal of targeted pollutants in soil washing effluent and recycling of surfactant solutions. In this study, a molecular imprinting technique was applied to selectively sorb polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil washing effluent. The novel molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) using different template molecules were synthesized by precipitation polymerization. Adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of MIPs were studied through experiments and theoretical calculations. The results show that 4-bromo-4′-hydroxybiphenyl and toluene can be effective imprinting molecule for MIPs synthesis. The maximal adsorption capacity of selected dummy molecular imprinted polymer (D₁-MIP) was 1032.36 µmol/g, and that of part molecular imprinted polymer (P-MIP) was 981.13 µmol/g. Their imprinting factors in 5 PBDEs adsorption ranged from 2.13 to 5.88, the recovery percentage of Triton X-100 can reach 99.09%, confirming the feasibility of reusing surfactant. Various PBDEs could be removed by MIPs, and Quantitative Structure Property Relationship analysis revealed that PBDEs’ molecular volume, planarity, polarity, and hydrophobicity have major influences on their adsorption performance. DFT calculation revealed that Van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding played important roles during selective adsorption. These results can provide effective theoretical guidance for surfactant enhanced soil elution in practical engineering applications.     

在SO_2排污费征收工作中物料衡算法和实测法应用剖析

为了使ＳＯ２排污费的征收有个比较准确的确定方法,对物料衡算法和实测法进行了比较试验。系统分析了物料衡算法的误差产生原因,对实测法中的瞬时值法和连续采样法进行了比较,得出结论：物料衡算法测算ＳＯ２有较大的误差;应尽可能采用连续采样法测定ＳＯ２;对于有大量废气排放的单位,应尽量保持煤源的一致性,减少不必要的纠纷。     

基于疲劳累积损伤等效理论的PCB板振动加速试验研究

目的建立小样本情况下,通过试验及仿真结合求解PCB板在随机振动激励下的振动加速因子的方法。方法以疲劳累计损伤等效为研究基础,以PCB板为研究对象,通过实验室的动力学环境模拟试验,在施加相同谱型不同量级的随机激励载荷下的振动加速因子,并通过采用试验数据对仿真局部模型修正的方法得出PCB板在随机振动激励载荷下的振动加速因子。结果通过试验数据与仿真计算结果的对比,两种方法得出的振动加速因子的误差在5%以内,满足工程实践精度要求。且进一步的证实了该方法的可行性。结论对于不同种类的PCB板在进行小样本摸底试验及随机振动仿真计算的前提下,确定电路板产品的薄弱位置,之后通过疲劳仿真计算局部的疲劳寿命便可以求得一定精度要求下的振动加速因子。     

基坑开挖引起邻侧盾构隧道开裂特性研究*

为探究基坑开挖导致邻侧既有盾构隧道出现开裂破损而带来的不利影响,采用地层-结构法与荷载-结构法相结合的计算方法,同时考虑内置钢筋对混凝土的加强作用,精细化地模拟基坑开挖影响下,非连续盾构管片结构接头处裂缝的扩展过程,揭示其开裂机制。研究结果表明:基坑开挖过程中,管片衬砌“横鸭蛋”变形模式决定了其开裂范围,即左、右拱腰附近为主开裂区;管片的裂损特征为纵向裂缝,初始裂缝由左、右拱腰外弧面逐渐向两侧接头处延展,右拱腰接头处裂缝扩展连接为沿厚度方向的环状裂缝。