成都市不同粒径大气颗粒物中水溶性酸性离子分析

大气颗粒物是成都目前大气环境主要污染物之一。文章通过Andersen分级采样器采样,对成都市东郊(原工业区)2006年下半年不同粒径的大气颗粒物及其水溶性酸性离子的含量进行了分析,在此基础上对比分析了雾天条件下的污染特征。结果表明,大气颗粒物及其酸性离子主要分布在0.65～3.3μm的粒径范围,颗粒物中水溶性酸性离子的平均含量大小关系为:[SO42-]>[NO3-]>[Cl-]>[F-]>[NO2-].雾天颗粒物的浓度水平是正常天气下的1～3倍。     

城市绿地空气细菌含量变化特征

为了了解城市绿地空气细菌含量的时空变化情况以及不同空间结构绿地减菌作用的差异,通过对北京市元大都公园内全年监测样地和不同空间结构样地空气细菌的测定,得出了城市绿地空气细菌含量的年变化基本上呈双峰曲线,11月和5月含量较高,其它月份相对较低,而且证明在植物生长季绿地减菌能力较强。城市绿地空气细菌含量秋季、春季、夏季的日变化各不相同,秋季8:00~14:00总体呈下降趋势,14:00~16:00略有升高,而16:00~18:00大部分绿地有所下降;春季7:00~13:00下降,13:00~19:00呈上升趋势;夏季在9:00和17:00出现峰值,基本呈双峰型。不同空间结构的绿地减菌作用不同,春季针叶乔木具有优势,夏季阔叶乔木表现优秀,而草坪最差。在城市绿化建设中,如果从降低空气细菌含量方面考虑,建议建设绿地面积最好>900 m2,如果达不到900m2,可以考虑建设面积至少>400 m2。     

External Contribution to Urban Air Pollution

Elevated particulate matter concentrations in urbanlocations have normally been associated with local trafficemissions. Recently it has been suggested that suchepisodes are influenced to a high degree by PM₁₀sources external to urban areas. To further corroboratethis hypothesis, linear regression was sought betweenPM₁₀ concentrations measured at eight urban sites inthe U.K., with particulate sulphate concentration measuredat two rural sites, for the years 1993–1997. Analysis ofthe slopes, intercepts and correlation coefficientsindicate a possible relationship between urban PM₁₀and rural sulphate concentrations. The influences of winddirection and of the distance of the urban from the ruralsites on the values of the three statistical parametersare also explored. The value of linear regression as ananalysis tool in such cases is discussed and it is shownthat an analysis of the sign of the rate of change of theurban PM₁₀ and rural sulphate concentrations providesa more realistic method of correlation. The resultsindicate a major influence on urban PM₁₀ concentrations from the eastern side of the UnitedKingdom. Linear correlation was also sought using PM₁₀ data from nine urban sites in London and nearby ruralRochester. Analysis of the magnitude of the gradients andintercepts together with episode correlation analysisbetween the two sites showed the effect of transportedPM₁₀ on the local London concentrations. This articlealso presents methods to estimate the influence of ruraland urban PM₁₀ sources on urban PM₁₀ concentrations and to obtain a rough estimate of thetransboundary contribution to urban air pollution from thePM₁₀ concentration data of the urban site.     

Gravimetric and Chemical Features of Airborne PM10 AND PM2.5 in Mainland Portugal

This paper describes concentration amounts of arsenic (As), particulate mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5, collected since 1993 by the Technological and Nuclear Institute (ITN) at different locations in mainland Portugal, featuring urban, industrial and rural environments, and a control as well. Most results were obtained in the vicinity of coal- and oil-fired power plants. Airborne mass concentrations were determined by gravimetry. As and Hg concentrations were obtained through instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and Ni and Pb concentrations through proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Comparison with the EU (European Union) and the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) directives for Ambient Air has been carried out, even though the sampling protocols herein – set within the framework of ITN's R&D projects and/or monitoring contracts – were not consistent with the former regulations. Taking this into account, 1) the EU daily limit for PM₁₀ was exceeded a few times in all sites except the control, even if the number of times was still inferior to the allowed one; 2) the EU annual mean for PM₁₀ was exceeded at one site; 3) the EPA daily limit for PM_2.5 was exceeded one time at three sites; 4) the EPA annual mean for PM_2.5 was exceeded at most sites; 5) the inner-Lisboa site approached or exceeded the legislated PMs; 6) Pb levels stayed far below the EU limit value; and 7) concentrations of As, Ni and Hg were also far less than the reference values adopted by EU. In every location, Ni appeared more concentrated in PM_2.5 than in coarser particles, and its levels were not that different from site to site, excluding the control. The highest As and Hg concentrations were found in the neighbourhood of the coal-fired, utility power plants. The results may be viewed as a “worst-case scenario” of atmospheric pollution, since they have been obtained in busy urban-industrial areas and/or near major power-generation and waste-incineration facilities.     

航空遥感探测海上溢油的技术

对加拿大环境技术中心应急科学部多年来在航空遥感探测海上溢油方面的研究成果进行了汇总 ,对各国不同类型的航空遥感技术的性能、成本及飞机的要求进行了比较分析     

我国大气颗粒物表征研究进展

综述了国内有关大气颗粒物表征的研究进展，主要围绕大气颗粒物的基本特性、化学组成及其存在状态、毒理学、及源解析的研究进行了阐述。最后，文章还展望了其今后的研究发展方向。     

大气微生物的研究——Ⅱ、京津地区大气微生物污染动态变化规律

报道了京津地区大气微生物污染随时间的变化规律。一般是每日出现两次高峰,两次低峰。夏季微生物数量高于冬季。     

北京地区大气颗粒物中硝基多环芳烃与多环芳烃的研究

提出了一套包括提取、还原、分离及同时测定硝基多环芳烃及多环芳烃的分析方法.通过对北京几个不同功能区所采样品的分析及Ames短期生物实验,进一步肯定北京大气颗粒物中不仅含有致突变物和致癌物多环芳烃,还含有直接致突变物硝基多环芳烃,这两类化合物在大气颗粒物中的含量均呈现“冬高夏低’的规律,它们在商业区,居民区的污染更为严重.     

呼和浩特市不同粒径空气颗粒物上酞酸酯的污染

采用大流量采样器和五段分级采样头，对呼和浩特市冬夏两季不同粒径空气颗粒物中酞酸酯（ＰＡＥ）进行采样分析，结果表明：不同粒径的酞酸酯含量范围为６８３—７４４ｎｇ／ｍ３（标），其中富集在空气动力学当量直径＜７０μｍ以内的占７２５％—９１２％，富集在≤１１μｍ以内的占１００％—４５５％．