The influence on the radioxenon background during the temporary suspension of operations of three major medical isotope production facilities in the Northern Hemisphere and during the start-up of another facility in the Southern Hemisphere

Medical isotope production facilities (MIPF) have recently been identified to emit the major part of the environmental radioxenon measured at many globally distributed monitoring sites deployed to strengthen the radionuclide component of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification regime. Efforts to raise a global radioxenon emission inventory revealed that the yearly global total emission from MIPF’s is around 15 times higher than the total radioxenon emission from nuclear power plants (NPP's).Given that situation, from mid 2008 until early 2009 two out of the ordinary hemisphere-specific events occured:1) In the Northern hemisphere, a joint temporary suspension of operations of the three largest MIPF's made it possible to quantify the effects of the emissions related to NPP’s. The average activity concentrations of ¹³³Xe measured at a monitoring station close to Freiburg, Germany, went down significantly from 4.5 ± 0.5 mBq/m³ to 1.1 ± 0.1 mBq/m³ and in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2.0 ± 0.4 mBq/m³ to 1.05 ± 0.15 mBq/m³.2) In the Southern hemisphere the only radioxenon-emitting MIPF in Australia started up test production in late November 2008. During eight test runs, up to 6.2 ± 0.2 mBq/m³ of ¹³³Xe was measured at the station in Melbourne, 700 km south-west from the facility, where no radioxenon had been observed before, originating from the isotopic production process.This paper clearly confirms the hypothesis that medical isotope production facility are at present the major emitters of radioxenon to the atmosphere. Suspension of operations of these facilities indicates the scale of their normal contribution to the European radioxenon background, which decreased two to four fold. This also gives a unique opportunity to detect and investigate the influence of other local and long distance sources on the radioxenon background. Finally the opposing effect was studied: the contribution of the start-up of a renewed radiopharmaceutical facility to the build up of a radioxenon background across Australia and the Southern hemisphere.     

In-field radon measurement in water: a novel approach

This paper presents a novel approach of measuring radon in-water in the field by inserting a MEDUSA gamma-ray detector into a 210 L or 1000 L container. The experimental measurements include investigating the effect of ambient background gamma-rays on in-field radon measurement, calibrating the detector efficiency using several amounts of KCl salt dissolved in tap water, and measuring radon in borehole water. The results showed that there is fairly good agreement between the field and laboratory measurements of radon in water, based on measurements with Marinelli beakers on a HPGe detector. The MDA of the method is 0.5 Bq L⁻¹ radon in-water.     

Characterization of volatile organic compounds in the urban area of Beijing from 2000 to 2007

Beijing is one of the most polluted cities in the world. In this study, the long-term and continuous measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urban area of Beijing, specifically at Beijing 325 m Meteorological Tower, were conducted from 2000 to 2007. The annual record of VOC trends exhibited in two different phases was separated in 2003. Records show that VOC concentrations increased from 2000 to 2003 due to the abrupt increase in vehicle number. Contrarily, since 2003, there had been a decrease in VOCs concentrations as the policy on gasoline and air pollution was implemented. Toluene, benzene, and i-pentane are the chemicals that abound in and are directly related to vehicle activity, such as in vehicle exhaust and gasoline evaporation. Furthermore, records indicate that there had been seasonal variation in VOCs levels in that VOCs level in summer is higher than that in winter. As such, temperature is considered to significantly contribute to VOCs in Beijing. Records also show that VOCs level was high in the morning and during rush hours in the evening. In contrast, VOCs level was low during midday due to photochemical destruction with OH radical and dilution effect. In this study, a particular benzene to toluene ratio range (0.4-1.0) was used as the indicator of air propelled by vehicular exhaust. We also applied the correlation coefficients between BTEX and i-pentane to evaluate evaporation influence to ambient BTEX in the Beijing urban area.     

火灾场景下民机客舱人员疏散仿真及优化

为研究民机撞地后燃油泄漏引发的火灾对客舱人员疏散的影响,采用PyroSim建立B737-800客舱火灾模型,综合分析客舱烟气蔓延、温度、CO浓度和能见度的变化,得到CO浓度直接影响各出口的可用安全疏散时间;用CabinEvacu仿真工具设置3种人员疏散方案,得到ASET约束下各出口的疏散人数;考虑客舱乘务在民机紧急事件下的引导作用,提出CabinEvacu的优化模型。研究结果表明:仿真结果有效提升客舱的疏散人数和出口逃生率,但依旧无法确保人员的全部撤离。该研究结果可为火灾场景下民机客舱人员疏散提供参考依据。     

A wind resource assessment around large mountain masses: The speed-up effect

The wind potential around an intensely mountainous area has been studied and an experimental analysis is presented the output of which could be used in the wind farm planning procedure aiming at maximization of the wind power production output of an area. The wind speed of a chosen site of Central Greece was studied based on field measurements around a large mountainous area of Central Greece. Understanding flow in the foothills and the wider area of the mountains is of great importance for estimating wind resource in rough terrain. In this article, special focus was given to the speed-up effect and forced air flow around mountainous masses.     

军民两用机载设备耐久振动试验的对比方法

提出了一种适用于军民两用机载设备耐久振动试验的对比方法,该方法通过量化指标对军民机标准下的振动试验环境进行考核,能够实现不同环境的试验严酷度评估。以直升机显示器为例对该方法进行了详细论述,结果表明无法通过对比方法完成试验。     

舰载飞机弹射动力学仿真与试验验证

目的获取舰载飞机弹射过程中冲击动载荷在结构上的响应规律,以及前起落架和与其连接的机体主传力结构的动响应特性。方法基于多体系统动力学理论,建立描述舰载机弹射过程的刚柔耦合多体系统动力学模型,对弹射过程进行仿真分析。同时开展地面模拟弹射冲击试验,通过仿真和试验对照,重点研究牵制载荷突卸瞬间结构的动态响应规律。结果仿真和试验得到结构传力路径各点的加速度和应力响应数据,试验测得机体结构加速度峰值达到255g,而同位置的应力峰值为85 MPa,仿真和试验数据的趋势一致。结论牵制载荷突卸形成的冲击动响应峰值沿着结构传力路径衰减。航向加速度和应力响应峰值随着牵制释放载荷的增加而增加。虽然瞬态加速度峰值达到较高水平,但是瞬态作用机体结构的应力峰值不高,不足以造成结构失效。结构设计应重点关注弹射冲击响应峰值和振动疲劳的影响。     

舰载飞机腐蚀控制与防护技术

分析了舰载飞机高温、高湿、高盐雾的服役环境特点,并阐述了舰载飞机易发生的腐蚀问题,提出了舰载飞机腐蚀防护与控制的研究思路,并对舰载飞机先进腐蚀控制与防护技术进行了总结,包括结构防护设计、选用综合性能优良的耐蚀材料、防护技术、舰上腐蚀控制维护/维修技术等。总结了舰载飞机全面腐蚀控制研究重点发展方向及建议。     

飞机结构表面涂层体系改进研究

针对多型飞机表面涂层体系抗腐蚀性能差这一亟待解决的问题,采用制造状态、大修状态及纳米复合涂层对设计的典型飞机蒙皮对接结构模拟件进行涂装,并利用划格法对涂层体系的层间附着力进行表征。采用加速模拟环境试验的方法,对纳米复合涂层的防腐性能进行考核验证。试验结果表明,纳米复合涂层体系的层间附着力、防腐性能和耐老化性能明显优于制造状态、大修状态涂层体系,在飞机中应用纳米复合涂层可以显著改善结构的抗腐蚀品质。     

Remove cooking fume using catalytic combustion over Pt/La-Al2O3

Five monolithic catalysts with low noble metal content were prepared by irnmerge method （Pt/γ=Al2O3, Pt/La-Al2O3, Pt/YSZ-AI203, Pt＋Pd/La-Al2O3 and Pd/La-Al2O3） and their activity measurements were carried out in a conventional fixed-bed flow reactor. The results show that La-Al2O3 can promote activity of the prepared catalysts and can decrease the complete conversion temperature of cooking fume. The Pt/La-Al2O3 catalyst has the highest activity and can be applied in wide range of gas hourly space velocity （GHSV）. Some characterizations （XRD, TPR） were carried out with the objective to explain differences in catalytic behaviors. The prepared catalyst showed a great potential for application.