峨眉山景区旅游商品的开发与营销模式

通过对旅游商品定义的综述,界定了旅游商品的定义、范围和功能,同时对峨眉山景区旅游商品的开发、需求、购买力等抽取420份问卷作为样本,分析了峨眉山旅游商品的需求现状,并以旅游者需求现状为依据,对峨眉山旅游商品的开发和营销提出了“4P＋4C＋4R”营销策略,以期对其它景区的旅游商品开发和营销具有一定的借鉴意义。     

瑞平塘河氟化物污染状况调查及溯源研究

以2016—2020年地表水常规监测结果为依据,发现瑞平塘河自2017年起出现氟化物质量浓度升高现象,2020年其中1个断面氟化物质量浓度平均值达到1.25 mg/L,比2016年高出145%。为此于2021年3—6月,对瑞平塘河流域的氟化物污染状况进行实地调查并开展溯源研究。研究结果显示,2021年氟化物质量浓度超过1.0 mg/L的点位占59.34%,其中超过1.5 mg/L的点位占42.86%,表明大部分河道氟化物质量浓度已经超过水体功能区要求,对生态环境安全构成较大潜在风险。溯源调查结果表明,排除了农业源及矿山源污染的可能,乳胶制品企业排放的废水为瑞平塘河氟化物的污染来源。针对目前该行业的排放标准和环境影响评价均未提及氟化物污染,企业废水处理设施也无除氟工艺单元,缺乏有效的污染防治措施与监管要求等问题。提出,应及时组织开展该区域乳胶制品行业整治提升,增加氟化物处理工艺单元,提升出水水质,确定氟化物排放浓度限值,并对该行业排放标准做进一步研究和完善等建议。     

Toluene removal characteristics by a superimposed wire-plate dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor

A superimposed wire-plate dielectric barrier discharge reactor was used to remove toluene in this study. The effects of oxygen content, gas flow rate, gas initial concentration and with/without catalyst on toluene decomposition were investigated. It was found that an optimal toluene removal was achieved when the oxygen content was about 5%. Under this condition, the highest toluene removal efficiency of 80.8% was achieved when the gas concentration was 80 mg/m^3. The toluene removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the gas flow rate and the initial concentration of toluene. In addition, the ozone concentration decreased with the increase of the initial concentration of toluene. It suggested that combining DBD （dielectric barrier discharge） with Co3O4/Al2O3/foam nickel catalyst in-situ could improve the toluene removal efficiency and suppress ozone formation. Products analysis showed that the main products were CO and CO2 when oxygen was more than 5%.     

印染废水中铬的活性炭吸附及资源化研究

在实验室条件下利用活性碳柱对印染废水进行了铬的吸附,对活性碳柱进行逐级加热、逆流漂洗再生,达到了较好的处理效果,同时还回收了铬盐。     

A multi-objective design optimisation of eco-friendly aircraft: the impact of noise fees on airplanes sustainable development

The current work deals with multi-objective optimisations including financial merit factors in the multi-disciplinary conceptual design of a commercial aircraft with a specific focus on noise social cost. The results of optimisations using financial and performance-oriented objective functions have been analysed and combined in a multi-objective optimisation problem using a three-dimensional objective vector. The main novelty of the present work is the analysis of social cost noise fees effectiveness integrated in financial models embracing a wider group of stakeholders’ interests. The foundations of this research lie on the air traffic increase envisaged in the next decades and the contextual growth of the urban areas nearby airport facilities. This scenario requires the aeronautical industry to handle the environment challenge taking into account all the social and economic effects. Indeed, the consolidated technology has approached a saturation point, therefore breakthrough concepts and configurations are mandatory. This matter is addressed as a highly multi-disciplinary problem within conceptual design framework. The financial model proposed is shown to highlight the need of appropriate noise fees as instruments to push all stakeholders towards a technology radical renewal and encourage the aeronautical industry towards a shared strategy in the development of an eco-friendly commercial aviation system.     

乡村旅游产品提质升级策略探析

近年来,我国乡村旅游市场发展迅猛,涌现出大批乡村旅游接待点。但由于专业经营管理和市场理念不成熟,我国乡村旅游市场在产品品质、服务质量、经营管理等方面存在诸多问题,需要从乡村旅游产品系统出发,以文化提升、整合提升、体验提升和服务提升策略进行乡村旅游产品提质升级,保障乡村旅游市场的健康发展。     

养生小镇旅游产品开发研究——以昆明市永定镇为例

养生旅游作为一种旅游新业态,是旅游业发展到一定阶段的一种新型旅游模式。昆明市永定镇具有优越的环境条件、资源条件和市场条件,适合打造成为发展养生旅游的养生小镇。永定镇养生旅游产品开发主要以"医疗昆明市养生"和"休闲养生"为核心产品,其产品价值表现为构筑核心竞争力;以"运动养生"、"农事养生"和"佛教养生"为重点产品,其产品价值表现为丰富养生旅游产品;以观光农业、康体运动和健康科普为配套产品,其产品价值表现为搭建养生旅游的基础平台。     

Facilitating substance phase‐out through material information systems and improving environmental impacts in the recycling stage of a product

The amount of electrical and electronic products is increasing rapidly, and this inevitably leads to the generation of large quantities of waste from these goods. Some of the generated e‐waste ends up in regions with sub‐standard recycling systems and may be processed under poor conditions. During uncontrolled incineration, halogenated dioxins and furans can be generated from brominated and chlorinated compounds in the products. In order to reduce the health and environmental risks involved in the recycling stage of the life cycle of electronics, an effective design‐for‐environment process must be established during the product development phase. Knowledge of the chemical substances in the product is crucial to being able to make informed decisions. Through full knowledge of the material content of procured components, phase‐outs of unwanted substances, such as halogenated substances, can be performed in an effective manner. Therefore, information is the key to success in phasing‐out substances; facilitating compliance of legal provisions for manufacturers of electrical and electronic devices; and improving the environmental footprint of products as they reach the end of the life cycle. After an introduction to the challenges of electronics waste management, this paper describes supply chain information systems and how they are used to facilitate substance phase‐outs in the electronics industry. Sony Ericsson has been working with phase‐outs of unwanted substances since it was founded in 2001. Through the introduction of a material declaration system that keeps track of all substances in the components used in the company's products, Sony Ericsson has been able to replace unwanted substances to improve environmental impacts at the recycling stage of a product.     

甲苯对UASB反应器中溶解性微生物产物的影响

以乙酸钠为外加碳源,考察了UASB反应器内甲苯对可溶性微生物产物（SMP）的影响。实验结果表明：低质量浓度（20~70 mg/L）的甲苯对微生物有刺激作用,使得污泥增殖速率变小,SMP的质量浓度也逐渐减少,经过一段时间的驯化后,系统COD和TOC的去除率分别达到93%和94%以上,下降趋势较小;较高质量浓度（70~200 mg/L）的甲苯对微生物有抑制作用,污泥活性下降,反应器运行状况开始恶化,SMP的质量浓度也逐渐增大,经过一段时间的驯化后,系统COD和TOC的去除率分别维持在81%和83%以上;当甲苯质量浓度超过200 mg/L时,表现为污泥活性严重下降,对COD的去除效果极差。     

微波再生载苯酚活性炭过程中再生产物分析

研究了载氮气和无载气2种条件下,微波再生载苯酚活性炭过程中再生产物的成分和苯酚随再生过程的去向分布。结果表明,无载气时,微波功率越高,再生反应器内温度越高,吸附质的高温裂解反应越彻底,再生产物以挥发性气体为主,有机质种类很少;而当微波功率较低或载氮气再生时,反应器内温度相对较低,苯酚难以被彻底分解,再生产物中含多种复杂的链状或环状有机物。此外,载氮气时,经气提、挥发而去除的苯酚量约占总吸附量的一半,再生炭上无苯酚残留,活性炭吸附性能可完全恢复乃至优化;无载气时,经挥发而去除的苯酚量只有19.9%,其余大量苯酚则在微波作用下裂解或缩合为其他物质随尾气而去除,且再生炭上仍有少量苯酚未被解吸出来。因此,前者活性炭再生的效果优于后者。