非色散红外CO2飞机火警探测技术研究

提出了基于非色散红外吸收原理(NDIR)实时监测环境中CO2气体浓度变化进行火警探测的方法。根据高空大气环境的特殊性,探讨了基于NDIR的CO2气体探测技术应用于飞机上所面临的低温低压难题。进行了基于NDIR的红外CO2飞机火警探测器的两种结构设计,提出了基于CO2气体浓度监测的红外CO2飞机火警探测器的主要参数要求,研究了基于CO2浓度变化速率与变化值的火灾报警算法。     

Preparation1 and utilization of wheat straw anionic sorbent for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution

In order to reduce the impact of eutrophication caused by agricultural residues (i.e. excess nitrate) in aqueous solution, economic and effective anionic sorbents are required. In this article, we prepared anionic sorbent using wheat straw. Its structural characteristics and adsorption properties for nitrate removal from aqueous solution were investigated. The results indicate that the yield of the prepared anionic sorbent, the total exchange capacity, and the maximum adsorption capacity were 350%, 2.57 mEq/g, and 2.08 mmol/g, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm mode is more suitable than the Langmuir mode and the adsorption process accords with the first order reaction kinetic rate equation. When multiple anions (SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-, and NO2-) were present, the isotherm mode of prepared anionic sorbent for nitrate was consistent with Freundlich mode; however, the capacity of nitrate adsorption was reduced by 50%. In alkaline solutions, about 90% of adsorbed nitrate ions could be desorbed from prepared anionic sorbent. The results of this study confirmed that the wheat straw anionic sorbent can be used as an excellent nitrate sorbent that removes nitrate from aqueous solutions.     

中国资源型城市循环经济发展水平的聚类实证研究

由于粗放型的发展模式受到严格限制,资源型城市的发展普遍面临严峻困境,发展循环经济,是资源型城市实现可持续发展的必然途径.对资源型城市循环经济发展水平进行计量实证研究,找出其发展共性和差异具有很强的现实意义和理论价值.通过构建资源型城市循环经济发展评价指标体系,收集涵盖全国34个典型资源型城市、17个资源枯竭城市的39个地级资源型城市和参照城市北京的22个原始指标数据,用功能互补的因子分析和聚类分析进行实证研究:首先用因子分析法对原始数据进行分析,用得到的8个因子代替原来的22个指标,进一步进行K-means聚类分析,对资源型城市的循环经济发展水平做了较为完整的评价,结果显示:资源型城市循环经济发展整体水平不高,循环经济发展理念有待深入,东营、克拉玛依等城市经济发展状况很好,为循环经济发展提供了良好的经济基础,晋城在循环经济的某些领域取得了较好的效果,白山的循环经济发展水平相对最低.     

高温烟火导致直升机坠毁分析

介绍了一架直升机在执行森林灭火任务时坠毁的事故经过和调查过程,并进行了原因分析,认为导致事故发生的罪魁祸首是火场上空的高温烟火.在此基础上论述了高温烟火对直升机的危害,提出了直升机在火场环境中的飞行防护对策.     

飞机起落架支柱固定螺栓环境氢脆断裂研究

某飞机起落架缓冲支柱固定螺栓长期使用后断裂.为了确定该螺栓断裂的原因,对断裂螺栓进行了外观检查,断口宏观、微观分析,能谱仪成分分析,金相组织检查、硬度检测以及氢含量测定,结果表明:断裂螺栓的断口具有氢脆断裂特征,其断裂失效性质为环境氢脆断裂;飞机服役期间,螺栓保护不良,致使环境对螺栓造成了腐蚀,腐蚀产生的氢进入螺栓是导致螺栓产生环境氢脆裂纹的根本原因.对螺栓进行保护可有效地避免该类故障的重复发生.     

污染源监测信息管理系统开发与研究

针对污染源监测是环境保护工作中的重要内容,污染源监测数据是环境管理和执法的重要依据这一事实,从污染源监测的业务特点和用户需求、系统功能分析、系统设计和技术实现等几方面,分析并研究了污染源监测信息管理系统的特点和开发时解决的技术问题.     

不同采集原理的油烟采样方法研究

通过采用玻璃纤维滤筒采集、吸收液吸收和S材料滤筒采样三种不同采集原理的油烟采样方法的试验,研究出一种油烟采样新材料--SM材料,其填充后制成的S材料滤筒的油烟采集效率大于96%的采样方法.     

东亚酸沉降中国网湿沉降分析研究

东亚酸沉降监测网是由日本于 1 993年发起并组织 ,我国于 1 999年 4月开始参加该网络的试运行监测工作。文章针对我国 1 999年度重庆、西安、厦门和珠海四城市湿沉降监测结果进行了分析研究     

Exposure to fall hazards and safety climate in the aircraft maintenance industry

PROBLEM: Falls represent a significant occupational hazard, particularly in industries with dynamic work environments. This paper describes rates of noncompliance with fall hazard prevention requirements, perceived safety climate and worker knowledge and beliefs, and the association between fall exposure and safety climate measures in commercial aircraft maintenance activities. METHODS: Walkthrough observations were conducted on aircraft mechanics at two participating facilities (Sites A and B) to ascertain the degree of noncompliance. Mechanics at each site completed questionnaires concerning fall hazard knowledge, personal safety beliefs, and safety climate. Questionnaire results were summarized into safety climate and belief scores by workgroup and site. Noncompliance rates observed during walkthroughs were compared to the climate-belief scores, and were expected to be inversely associated. RESULTS: Important differences were seen in fall safety performance between the sites. The study provided a characterization of aircraft maintenance fall hazards, and also demonstrated the effectiveness of an objective hazard assessment methodology. Noncompliance varied by height, equipment used, location of work on the aircraft, shift, and by safety system. DISCUSSION: Although the expected relationship between safety climate and noncompliance was seen for site-average climate scores, workgroups with higher safety climate scores had greater observed noncompliance within Site A. Overall, use of engineered safety systems had a significant impact on working safely, while safety beliefs and climate also contributed, though inconsistently. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The results of this study indicate that safety systems are very important in reducing noncompliance with fall protection requirements in aircraft maintenance facilities. Site-level fall safety compliance was found to be related to safety climate, although an unexpected relationship between compliance and safety climate was seen at the workgroup level within site. Finally, observed fall safety compliance was found to differ from self-reported compliance.     

红外测温法测定硫化矿石堆自热温度的影响因素研究

硫化矿自燃是一个以氧化放热为主、自发产生热量及热量积蓄引起硫化矿堆升温的非常复杂的物理化学过程.因此,研究硫化矿自热过程是研究硫化矿自燃早期预测预报方法的前提.文章以红外非接触方式,利用RaytekminiTemp红外测温仪和CENTER可记录温度计测定硫化矿石堆氧化自热温度,重点分析了测定过程中的实际温度时影响精度的有关因素,主要有矿样种类、矿样温度、矿样块度、检测距离、环境温度、光束与矿样的夹角.通过实验室研究,为研制出专门用于舍硫矿自燃预测预报的装置提供理论依据,从而达到预测预报硫化矿自燃的目的.