A novel integrated step-feed biofilm process for the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater in rural areas of China

For wastewater treatment in rural areas, a novel three-stage step-feed wastewater treatment system, combined with a drop-aeration biofilm process, was tested in the laboratory to investigate its performance in removing suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The removal rates of SS, COD and NH4+-N were 90%, 80%, and 90% in efluent concentrations less than 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. The TP removal rate was less satisfactory....     

生物膜SBR反应器中低氨氮浓度废水亚硝化启动试验研究

为建立生物膜SBR反应器处理中低氨氮浓度废水的自养脱氮系统,采用控制DO浓度、HRT和不同生物载体填料的4组小试生物膜SBR反应器,对中低氨氮浓度废水进行了单级自养脱氮工艺亚硝化阶段的启动试验研究.结果表明:接种普通好氧活性污泥和厌氧污泥,在水温30℃±2℃,氨氮浓度60～120mg/L,DO为0.8～1.0mg/L和HRT=24h条件下,运行130d可实现稳定的亚硝化,YJZH软性组合填料更适合于微生物附着.     

Performance of a hybrid anaerobic-contact oxidation biofilm baffled reactor for the treatment of decentralized molasses wastewater

A novel hybrid anaerobic-contact oxidation biofilm baffled reactor （HAOBR） was developed to simultaneously remove nitrogenous and carbonaceous organic pollutants from decentralized molasses wastewater in the study. The study was based on the inoculation of anaerobic granule sludge in anaerobic compartments and the installation of combination filler in aerobic compartments. The performance of reactor system was studied regarding the hydraulic retention time （HRT）, microbial characteristics and the gas water ratio （GWR）. When the HRT was 24h and the GWR was 20：1, total ammonia and chemical oxygen demand （COD） of the effluent were reduced by 99% and 91.8%, respectively. The reactor performed stably for treating decentralized molasses wastewater. The good performance of the reactor can be attributed to the high resistance of COD and hydraulic shock loads. In addition, the high solid retention time of contact oxidation biofilm contributed to stable performance of the reactor.     

序批式膜反应器同步硝化和反硝化的特性

为提高污水生物脱氮处理的效率和减少外加碳源,研究了序批式膜反应器(SBBR)在有氧情况下处理生活污水中同步硝化和反硝化的特性.试验表明,原水TN为80～110mg/L和溶解氧浓度为0.8～4.0mg/L情况下,出水TN小于15mg/L,NH₃^-N去除率达100%,TN去除率54%～77%,NH₃^-N容积负荷率为47～94mg/(L·d),TN容积负荷率为56～113mg/(L·d).TN的变化规律为在NH₃^-N降到零或最小之前,TN持续降低之后,TN有短时的上升后再缓慢降低.在较大的溶解氧浓度范围内,SBBR具有同步硝化和反硝化的能力,建议将NH₃^-N降解到零或最小值的时刻,作为同步硝化和反硝化的结束点.     

两种悬浮填料在ASBBR厌氧氨氧化系统中的性能比较与微生物解析

选取聚乙烯（T1）和聚氨酯（T2）两种悬浮填料投入到两套相同厌氧序批式生物膜反应器（ASBBR）R1和R2中,以城市生活污水为配水基质,考察了两种填料在ASBBR中的性能及菌群结构特征,选出更适宜厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）菌生长的填料.结果表明：R1和R2反应器分别在第93 d和73 d成功启动厌氧氨氧化,并实现稳定运行.稳定运行阶段,R1、R2系统总无机氮（TIN）平均去除率分别达88.34%、87.97%.此外,运行第150 d时,测得单个T1、T2填料的ANAMMOX菌活性分别为5.70和3.70 mg·g^-1·h^-1.同时,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征结果证明,球状菌在T1填料上的数量比同倍数下T2填料上多,且杂菌较少.高通量测序结果显示,T1、T2填料上Candidatus anammoxoglobus菌属相对丰度分别为75.29%和38.23%.本研究表明,相比于聚氨酯（T2）填料,聚乙烯（T1）填料更适宜ANAMMOX菌的富集.     

溶解氧对悬浮与附着生长系统短程硝化反应的影响机制

溶解氧(DO)是控制短程硝化的重要因素,其对不同的生物处理系统有不同的影响.本文研究了DO对悬浮污泥及生物膜系统短程硝化效果的影响,并利用高通量测序技术分析了微生物群落结构变化.结果表明,对于悬浮污泥系统,当DO从0. 25 mg·L~(-1)增加到0. 50 mg·L~(-1)时,氨氧化速率(AOR)从18. 08 mg·(L·h)-1升高至30. 27 mg·(L·h)-1;当曝气继续增加,DO达到3. 00 mg·L~(-1),仅运行14 d,进水氨氮(NH_4+-N)基本全部转化为硝酸盐氮(NO_3--N),且通过降低DO来恢复短程硝化效果需77 d,恢复过程缓慢.对于生物膜系统,DO由2. 50 mg·L~(-1)上升到3. 00 mg·L~(-1)的过程中,AOR稳定在11. 50～13. 50mg·(L·h)-1,当DO为3. 00 mg·L~(-1)时,80 d的运行结果显示,出水中氨氮与亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2--N)的比值可长期稳定在1∶1. 2～1∶1. 7,基本满足ANAMMOX工艺进水要求.微生物群落结构分析结果表明,悬浮污泥系统在DO从0. 25 mg·L~(-1)增加到3. 00 mg·L~(-1)的过程中,主要氨氧化菌(AOB)菌属Nitrosomonas丰度由10. 07%增长至18. 64%.当DO为3. 00 mg·L~(-1)时,生物膜系统中Nitrosomonas菌属丰度与悬浮污泥系统相近为20. 43%,且生物膜系统富集了0. 78%的ANAMMOX菌属Candidatus_Kuenenia.综上,生物膜系统内DO的变化受曝气量影响较小,短程硝化效果受DO影响较小,短程硝化速率更稳定,更适合作为ANAMMOX脱氮工艺的前处理单元.     

直流电对硝化细菌活性的影响

研究外加直流电分别对悬浮和固定膜二种存在状态的硝化细菌代谢活性和硝化效率的影响 .小于 2 5A·m-2 的直流电对游离细菌硝化氨氮没有影响 ,5A·m-2 以上的电流开始抑制细菌的硝化作用 .生物膜具有较强的抗电能力 ,15A·m-2 的直流电仅使氨氮的硝化速率降低 2 0 % .另外 ,电流对生物膜的持菌量影响差异较大 .当电流密度为 15A·m-2 时 ,负极的持菌量减少 90 %以上 ,正极减少 5 8% ,而电极中间填料的持菌量仅减少 8% .测量生物膜中磷脂含量发现 ,正极表面生物膜中活细菌比重最小 ,正极其次 ,填料表面生物膜中活细菌含量最高     

溶解氧对Anammox滤池内功能菌群及活性的影响

针对目前厌氧氨氧化系统内微生物的研究,主要以厌氧氨氧化菌本身这一情况,本研究对长期稳定运行的Anammox滤池内微生物菌群结构进行了测定,同时测试与分析了滤池内厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)、氨氧化菌(AOB)、亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)和反硝化菌(DNB)的关键动力学常数,探究了溶解氧(DO)浓度从0.2mg/L增加至1...     

黑龙江化工总厂废水处理试验研究

黑龙江省化工总厂针对化肥改扩建后的废水水质情况,采用悬浮污泥法Ａ／Ｏ生物脱氮工艺和生物膜法Ａ／Ｏ生物脱氮工艺进行废水处理试验,结果表明,生物膜法Ａ／Ｏ生物脱氮地废水中的总氮具有较好的去除效果,在废水碳氮比偏低的情况下,总氮的去除率可达到８４％左右。     

Development and application of some renovated technologies for municipal wastewater treatment in China

China has been experiencing fast economic development in recent decades at the cost of serious environmental deterioration. Wastewater discharge, especially municipal wastewater discharge, and non-point pollution sources are becoming the major water pollution source and research focus. Great efforts have been made on water pollution control and a number of renovated technologies and processes for municipal wastewater treatment and reclamation as well as non-point pollution control have been developed and applied in China. This paper discusses the development and application of the appropriate technologies, including natural treatment systems, anaerobic biological treatment, biofilm reactors and wastewater reclamation technologies, for water pollution control in the country.