移动床生物膜系统SND影响因素研究

采用移动床生物膜反应器实现了稳定同步硝化反硝化脱氮.实验研究了C/N对同步硝化反硝化脱氮的影响,结果表明,随着C/N的增加,同步硝化反硝化脱氮效率提高,在好氧条件下总氮去除率最高达到92.9%,但当C/N=12时,TN去除率提高并不明显;实验研究了pH对氨氮和TN去除效果的影响,结果表明,氨氮去除pH适宜区域为8.03~9.01,TN去除pH适宜区域为8.03~8.55;实验分析了实际生活污水中碱度和pH值对脱氮效果的影响,并对比研究了理论碱度和实际碱的关系,结果表明碱度和pH在同步硝化反硝化脱氮中对氮素去除的影响不大,不需要额外调节系统pH,也不需要在反硝化过程中补充碱度.单个周期内同步硝化反硝化过程中pH值和碱度变化规律的研究表明,pH可以指示SND中氮素转化过程.     

水环境中生物膜的研究进展

生物膜是近年来研究的一个热点领域,在水体自净和工业应用方面表现出非常重要的作用。文章介绍了国内外有关生物膜的组成、结构、形成及微生物种群分布特征等研究成果,重点探讨了水环境中生物膜对污染物的吸附和降解作用。     

温度对生物炭滤池处理高氨氮原水硝化的影响

利用臭氧预氧化-生物预处理-混凝沉淀-砂滤-臭氧后氧化-生物活性炭滤池组合工艺对微污染水源水进行了深度处理中间试验.将一部分未经生物预处理的高氨氮原水经常规处理后进入生物活性炭滤池以提高活性炭滤池进水氨氮浓度.研究了温度对高氨氮进水条件下生物活性炭滤池硝化能力的影响.试验表明,生物活性炭(BAC)的生物活性随温度的降低而降低.在水温2℃左右时,生物活性炭滤池对氨氮的去除能力相当于6℃以上时去除能力的50%;在温度>6℃的条件下,生物活性炭滤池对氨氮的去除能力在进水溶解氧基本相同时不随温度(水温>6℃)的变化而发生变化,对氨氮的去除能力主要受水中溶解氧的影响.     

Simultaneous removal of selected oxidized contaminants in groundwater using a continuously stirred hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor

A laboratory trial was conducted for evaluating the capability of a continuously stirred hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor to simultaneously reduce nitrate (NO3--N), sulfate (SO42-), bromate (BrO3-), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and para- chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB). The reactor contained two bundles of hollow fiber membranes functioning as an autotrophic biofilm carrier and hydrogen pipe as well. On the condition that hydrogen was supplied as electron donor and diffused into water through membrane pores, autohydrogenotrophic bacteria were capable of reducing contaminants to forms with lower toxicity. Reduction occurred within 1 day and removal fluxes for NO3--N, SO4-2 , BrO3-, Cr(VI), and p-CNB reached 0.641, 2.396, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.031 g/(day·m-2 ), respectively after 112 days of continuous operation. Except for the fact that sulfate was 37% removed under high surface loading, the other four contaminants were reduced by over 95%. The removal flux comparison between phases varying in surface loading and H2 pressure showed that decreasing surface loading or increasing H2 pressure would promote removal flux. Competition for electrons occurred among the five contaminants. Electron-equivalent flux analysis showed that the amount of utilized hydrogen was mainly controlled by NO3 -N and SO4-2 reduction, which accounted for over 99% of the electron flux altogether. It also indicated the electron acceptor order, showing that nitrate was the most prior electron acceptor while sulfate was the second of the five contaminants.     

序批式生物膜法反硝化除磷特性及其机理

探讨了序批式生物膜法反硝化除磷特性及其机理.采用³1P-NMR谱图,说明序批式生物膜在缺氧条件下与在好氧条件下相同,无机磷酸盐被转化成聚磷酸盐而贮存,证实了反硝化除磷的机理;在缺氧段反硝化吸磷速率较好氧吸磷速率明显降低,约为好氧吸磷速率的1/6;优势菌依顺序为假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、微球菌属.     

曝气生物滤池及其研究进展

介绍了曝气生物滤池的特点、结构形式和应用情况 ,综述了曝气生物滤池研究在有机物和SS去除、硝化反硝化、除磷、生物膜处理机理以及反应动力学等方面的最新进展 ,指出曝气生物滤池是符合我国国情的新型固定模生物处理技术 ,应加大研究力度 ,迅速使之国产化并投入使用。     

流化式生物膜法处理含酚废水的效能

通过动态试验,对自制载体的流化式生物膜法处理含酚废水的效能进行了重点考察,结果表明,当ＣＯＤ容积负荷达４．０ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,ＣＯＤ的去除率平均在８０％以上,酚去除率在９０－１００％之间,出水ＣＯＤ和酚可达到排放标准。自制的载体挂膜快,膜厚适宜,易于流化,本处理系统抗冲击负荷能力强,具有较高的脱氢酶活怀。     

浅析准好氧填埋场垃圾的稳定化机制

介绍了填埋场垃圾稳定化机理,分析了影响填埋场稳定化的因素,提出了建立准好氧填埋场不仅有利于加快垃圾的稳定化进程,还可减排温室气体和改善渗滤液水质,确保填埋场地最大限度地安全再利用。     

Treatment of coke plant wastewater by SND fixed biofilm hybrid system

In this article, coke plant wastewater was treated by a simultaneous nitrifying and denitrifying （SND） fixed biofilm hybrid system. The results showed that suitable parameters of the system were important for the performance of the bio-degradation system. The chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency in this system was satisfactory, higher than 94%, and ammonia nitrogen was higher than 95%. The effluent COD concentration could meet the discharge standard, except for very few situations. The results showed that a sufficient carbon source was important for making ammonia nitrogen concentration meet the discharge standard. Then the TiN removal efficiency in this system can be brought higher than 94%. Dissolved oxygen （DO） is very important to the performance of the SND bio-degradation system, and the suitable DO is about 3.5-4.0 mg/L at the forepart of reactor. In addition, the performance of the system was almost not affected by pH value. The results show that the system is feasible to treat coke plant wastewater.     

利用序批式生物膜反应器启动厌氧氨氧化研究

研究了在缺氧条件下利用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)快速启动厌氧氨氧化过程,并考察了该过程中反应器的脱氮效率、厌氧氨氧化现象、生物膜性质及微生物群落的变化.从第60d开始出现ANAMMOX现象,经过100多天的启动,最高总氮负荷达0.67kg-N/m3×d,总氮去除率达到87.3%.生物膜厚度和污泥颜色、形态发生明显变化,厌氧氨氧化菌的相对含量达到40%以上,成为反应器的优势菌种.本研究表明SBBR是一种高效启动厌氧氨氧化的生物反应器.