Effect of phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution in eutrophic lake on competition between blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa and diatom Cyclotella sp.

Tega-numa (Lake Tega) is one of the eutrophic lakes in Japan. For the improvement of water quality in Lake Tega, the Northchiba Water Conveyance Channel was constructed in 2000, which transfer water from Tone River into the lake. After 2000, the dominant species of diatoms, mainly Cyclotella sp., have been replacing blue-green algae, mainly Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Tega. This transition of dominant species would be due to the dilution, but the detail mechanism has not been understood yet. This study examined the relationship between phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution to Lake Tega and dominance of algal species, M. aeruginosa or Cyclotella sp. based on the single-species and the mixed-species culture experiments. The single-species culture experiment showed that the half-saturation constant and uptake rate of phosphorus were one order lower and seven times higher for M. aeruginosa than those for Cyclotella sp. These findings implied that M. aeruginosa would possess a potential for the growth and survival over Cyclotella sp. in the phosphorus limited condition. The superiority of M. aeruginosa was reflected in the outcome of the mixed-species culture experiment, i.e., dominance of M. aeruginosa, even phosphorus concentration was lowered to 0.01 mg-P/L. Therefore, it could be concluded that the decrease in phosphorus concentration due to the river water dilution to Lake Tega would be interpreted as a minor factor for the transition of dominant species from M. aeruginosa to Cyclotella sp.     

基于复杂网络同步特征的水华暴发数值模型

基于复杂网络的同步特征和藻类动力学生长特性, 以汉江近年来水华污染的现场监测资料为例, 并结合氮磷浓度、水温等实测数据构建了水华暴发的数值模型, 用以描述藻类生长和水华暴发的动力学机制; 同时, 利用达到指定藻生物量临界值的网格数规模作为判定水域是否暴发水华以及规模大小的依据, 从复杂网络同步特性的角度验证了水华暴发的临界性和全局突发性, 进而揭示了水华暴发现象是水域子区域整体协同作用的结果. 计算结果表明, 如果达到临界值的网格数超过指定的规模, 相应水域将暴发水华, 且网格达到峰值状态持续的时间越长, 水华污染越严重.     

玉米秸秆对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响及化学基础研

以塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)为材料,观察了玉米茎秆和玉米叶对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响,比较了灭菌、未灭菌玉米叶的抑藻活性,并对玉米叶抑制藻类生长的化学基础进行了分析,以期为筛选和发现新的高效除藻剂提供思路.结果表明,玉米秸秆能显著抑制塔玛亚历山大藻的生长,玉米叶的抑藻作用强于玉米茎秆.0.5 g/Ｌ的玉米叶对密度为1.69×１０６ 个/L的塔玛亚历山大藻的生长有明显的抑制作用.灭菌、未灭菌玉米叶对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的抑制作用无明显差别,表明微生物不是玉米秸秆发挥抑藻作用的主要原因.玉米叶不同溶剂粗提物对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的抑制作用不同,石油醚、二氯甲烷粗提物的抑藻活性明显强于乙酸乙酯和正丁醇粗提物.GC-MS分析结果显示,石油醚、二氯甲烷粗提物中主要含十八碳二烯酸、十八碳三烯酸、棕榈酸等脂肪酸类物质,提示长链脂肪酸可能是玉米秸秆抑藻的主要化学成分.     

九龙江北溪拟多甲藻水华防治与应急处置

2009年初以来,在福建省九龙江北溪的支流和干流连续发生了拟多甲藻（Peridiniopsis penardii）水华。经检测,拟多甲藻水华没有明显的生物毒性,但其所形成的深褐色水色和轻微藻腥味对该流域的龙岩、漳州和厦门三城市的生产和生活是造成了一定的影响。研究结果表明,在甲藻水华的防治与应急处置过程中,必须进一步加强组织体系建设,明确各职能部门职责,并根据不同水域的实际情况和季节变化,采取相应的物理、化学和生物方法予以防治和应急处置。     

厌氧消化-仿生态塘-藻网滤床组合工艺处理猪场废水

针对规模化猪场废水的特点,以实际工程为例,介绍了＂厌氧消化-仿生态塘-藻网滤床组合工艺＂的设计及其运行情况。试验结果表明：该工艺处理效果良好,出水达GB 5084—2005《农田灌溉水质标准》,处理后的水可全部用于附近农田灌溉,综合效益好,可供同类工程参考。     

Influence of zeta potential on the flocculation of cyanobacteria cells using chitosan modified soil

Using chitosan modified soil to flocculate and sediment algal cells has been considered as a promising strategy to combat cyanobacteria blooms in natural waters. However, the flocculation efficiency often varies with algal cells with different zeta potential (ZP) attributed to different growth phases or water conditions. This article investigated the relationship between ZP of Microcystis aeruginosa and its influence to the flocculation efficiency using chitosan modified soil. Results suggested that the optimal removal efficiency was obtained when the ZP was between − 20.7 and − 6.7 mV with a removal efficiency of more than 80% in 30 min and large floc size of > 350 μm. When the algal cells were more negatively charged than − 20.7 mV, the effect of chitosan modified soil was depressed (< 60%) due to the insufficient charge density of chitosan to neutralize and destabilize the algal suspension. When the algal cells were less negative than − 6.7 mV or even positively charged, a small floc size (< 120 μm) was formed, which may be difficult to sink under natural water conditions. Therefore, manipulation of ZP provided a viable tool to improve the flocculation efficiency of chitosan modified soil and an important guidance for practical engineering of cyanobacteria bloom control.     

三峡水库开县消落区水域冬季蓄水期间藻类群落结构与水质评价

2008年12月三峡水库第一次试验性蓄水至172.8 m后,开县老县城区域被淹没呈水库特征,对蓄水后开县消落区水域水生生物生态及水体营养状态的研究目前还鲜见报道.为了解172.8 m水位后开县消落区水域水环境的现状及藻类群落结构的变化,于2009年1月和2009年12月冬季蓄水期间2次对包括汉丰湖在内的开县消落区水域4个样点藻类组成、数量和生物量的分布及变化情况进行了跟踪观测,初步分析了浮游植物种群结构的变化趋势,并从生物角度评估了水域的水质营养状况.结果表明,2次采样共鉴定出浮游植物6门37属69种(含变种),优势种群均为甲藻和隐藻,2009年12月藻类细胞密度和生物量低于2009年1月.藻类种群结构和污染指示种评价结果显示,冬季蓄水期间开县消落区各采样断面的营养水平属于中-富营养类型.多样性分析的结果表明开县消落区水域冬季蓄水期间处于中污染状态.     

硝基芳烃类对斜生栅列藻的毒性及中毒症状

藻类实验是水生态毒理学研究中的主要方法。通过ＯＥＣＤ标准藻类阻碍生长实验,得到２５种典型硝基芳烃化合物对斜生栅列藻的４８ｈ半数有效抑制浓度ＥＣ５０值。其毒性由高到低的顺序为：二硝基氯苯〉二硝基苯〉二硝基苯胺〉二氯硝基苯＝二硝基甲苯〉硝基溴苯＝硝基氯苯〉硝基甲苯＝硝基苯甲醚＝硝基苯酚〉硝基苯胺〉硝基苯。同时在光学显微下详细观察到斜生栅列藻的中毒症状：①似亲孢子释放受阻;②质壁分离;③细胞核和细胞器解     

海洋藻类毒素的生态毒理学研究

从生态毒理学角度介绍了麻痹性贝毒(PSP)、腹泻性贝毒(NSP)、神经性贝毒(NSP)、记忆缺失性贝毒(ASP)和西加鱼毒素等几种主要海洋藻类毒素的一些研究进展,包括毒素对人类及海洋生物的毒性、毒素在食物链中的积累和转移、毒素的致毒途径、海洋生物对毒素的回避和选择性取食等。这些毒素可通过食物链在贝类或其他海洋动物体内积累并浓缩放大,从而危及人类健康,有的毒素还能直接对海洋生物产生毒害作用,破坏海洋生态环境。文中同时也介绍了该领域研究工作在我国开展情况及今后的研究方向。     

流量对三峡库区嘉陵江重庆主城段藻类生长的影响

对于三峡库区,大部分一级支流都具备产生富营养化的营养水平,在水温和光照等气候条件适宜藻类生长的3—5月,水文条件成为影响藻类生长繁殖和诱发富营养化的关键因素.3—5月恰是水库坝前泄水的消落时段,水文条件与一般的湖泊、河流和水库等显著不同. 针对三峡水库特殊的水文情势, 通过现场水质采样,应用质量守恒原理,研究了3—5月上游来水流量对嘉陵江重庆主城段藻类生长的影响. 结果表明:流量对河段的藻类密度和质量净增量有显著影响,3月因较低的来水流量和较小的大坝泄水量使藻类密度和质量净增量最大,5月当流量接近或超过历史同期水平时,河段的藻类质量净增量为负,而当流量偏枯较大时,藻类质量净增量为正.