固定化藻膜去除水中氮磷的模拟研究

针对富营养化水体生物修复和污水深度处理氮磷的去除,将细颤藻、水绵、水网藻、栅裂藻固定在纤维填料上,形成固定化藻膜。用固定化藻膜处理模拟富营养化湖水、实际富营养化湖水、城市污水二级出水、低质量浓度生活污水,考察固定化藻膜去除氮磷的效果。实验结果表明,固定化藻膜具有良好的去除磷、氨氮能力,对水中有机物去除也有一定的促进作用。对TP质量浓度小于5.0mg·L-1,NH4 -N质量浓度小于34.0mg·L-1的污染水体,四种藻膜都有良好的去除氮磷能力,其中栅裂藻去除TP、NH4 -N的能力最强。综合除污能力和藻细胞的可固定性,水绵应是最佳的备选藻种。研究结果显示,固定化藻膜具有良好的除污性能,预示了悬浮载体将在水体生物修复、氧化塘污水处理方面具有重要的潜在应用价值。     

高效藻类塘氮磷去除机理的研究进展

首先介绍了高效藻类塘的发展历史和特点,其次简述了高效藻类塘的生物特性和物理化学变化规律,并重点论述了高效藻类塘的氮磷去除机理及其影响因素,最后对高效藻类塘在控制非点源污染中的应用前景进行展望.     

利用小麦秸控制赤潮生物生长的研究

以球形棕囊藻为研究对象,探讨了小麦秸用于赤潮生物控制的可行性,研究了微生物、吸附作用在抑藻效应中的可能作用,运用扫描电子显微镜观察了小麦秸对藻细胞形态的影响,对小麦秸抑藻机理进行了分析和讨论。结果表明,小麦秸是一种比较理想的抑藻材料,无需微生物的降解,适度切割后能够吸附藻细胞、释放出抑藻活性物质,从而有效控制赤潮生物——球形棕囊藻的生长。抑藻活性物质的释放是小麦秸抑藻的主要机制。     

赤潮的生物毒性评价初步研究——生物毒性测试方法在一次胶州湾赤潮中的应用

在2000－07－25－30发生于青岛胶州湾，面积约10km^2的赤潮过程中，于2000－07－26和27日分别采集赤潮现场海水，以三咱标准毒性实验生物黑褐新糠虾（Neomysis awatschensis），卤虫（Artemia salina）和ICR品系小白鼠为实验动物，对胶州湾这次赤潮进行了的毒性研究。结果表明：现场采集的赤潮海水和实验室经f／2培养后藻液对卤虫有急性毒性作用，24h卤虫幼体的存活率分别为83％和73％，对小白鼠的毒性均在相当于STX0．87－1．8μg／L的范围内，而对糠虾没有明显影响。本文同时了赤潮现场海水中的藻类组成与数量，探讨了此次赤潮的毒性来源和致毒机制，提出了对赤潮进行生物毒性评价的观点，并建议有关部门将赤潮毒性测试结果作为一个重要的部分应用于现场赤潮事件报道中。     

滨岸带水华堆积与消散特征及其营养盐效应

为了解滨岸带植被、地形等地貌要素对蓝藻水华堆积及消散过程的影响,在太湖滨岸带设置不同形式的围格和植被实验区,通过逐日监测水体叶绿素a（Chl-a）的消长过程及同步营养盐变化,研究夏季蓝藻水华在湖泊滨岸带堆积与消散特征和营养盐效应.结果表明,滨岸带的地形地貌及植被状况对蓝藻水华的堆积程度及消散过程影响较大,软围隔营造的滨岸带静水环境,以及不同植被所形成的不同滞水区,显著加剧了蓝藻水华的局部堆积,从岸边挺水和浮叶植被区到开敞水域对照区,蓝藻水华的堆积程度依次递减;近岸挺水和浮叶植被区蓝藻水华堆积最严重,堆积时间最早,持续时间长;蓝藻水华堆积对营养盐等水质指标影响极大,堆积严重时该区域Chl-a含量达到了457.42μg/L,总氮（TN）达到11.04mg/L,总磷（TP）达到1.32mg/L;橡胶围格内浮叶植物区藻类堆积程度与近岸区类似,而浮叶植物与沉水植物混合区藻类堆积程度低于单一浮叶植物区;水体围隔能够加剧蓝藻水华的堆积,没有围隔的浮叶植物区藻类堆积程度最低.在蓝藻水华堆积过程中,蓝藻细胞仍在继续增殖,水体Chl-a仍会明显增加,而同期的水体营养盐的增幅小于Chl-a,甚至随着藻类生长消耗及生态系统的脱氮效应,溶解态氮磷下降明显.蓝藻水华消散过程中,TN、TP与Chl-a同步下降,但藻体中的氮磷释放到水中,导致堆积区的溶解态氮、磷有所增加,显示出明显的营养盐效应.本研究定量刻画了蓝藻水华局部堆积并快速致灾的地形地貌要素特点,揭示了蓝藻水华的水质与生态效应,为科学评估富营养化水体蓝藻水华的生态灾害风险提供科学依据.     

The algal community as an indicator of the trophic status of Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico

An evaluation of water quality and phytoplankton composition position was carried out in order to determine the trophic conditions of Lake Patzcuaro (2035 m above sea level), a high altitude tropical lake. Temperatures ranged from 15 to 23 degrees C. Total phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen showed a seasonal variation; highest values coincided with the rainy season (0.48 and 2.1 mg litre(-1), respectively). Dissolved oxygen ranged from 2 to 7.9 mg litre(-1) at the surface and from 0.6 to 7.3 mg litre(-1) on the bottom, the lowest values being found in shallow zones. Average transparency varied from 0.62 to 1.4 m Secchi depth. Rainfall was a primary factor in seasonal variability as it influenced both physical and biological conditions by contributing to the transport and deposition of silt, which mixed with sinking algal cells. The composition of the surface phytoplankton segregated along five major divisions comprising a total of 49 species. General seasonal patterns of dominance alternated in a sequence beginning with Bacillariophyta, through Chlorophyta to Cyanophyta. Diatoms, the dominant group from February to early June, included Melosira granulata, Stephanodiscus sp., Synedra sp. and Fragilaria sp. During the rainy season (late June to September), Microcystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria sp., Anabaena sp., Merismopedia sp., Crucigenia cuadrata, Oocystis lacustris, Selenastrum gracile, Mallomonas sp. and Tetraediella sp. were important. Melosira granulata was present throughout the period of study. Spatial and temporal variability in both physical and biological conditions make it difficult to assign a specific trophic state to Lake Patzcuaro. Nevertheless, analysis of the algal community indicates a generally mesotrophic condition.     

利用络氨铜控制景观水体藻华

研究了络氨铜对不同生长期的典型蓝藻（铜绿微囊藻,Microcystis aeruginosa）15d生长抑制影响的基础上,开展了络氨铜对不同时期景观池水中叶绿素a含量的影响,并跟踪测定了其中的有效铜离子浓度变化.结果表明,络氨铜在0.10mg·L-1（络氨铜的有效浓度,下同）时,可完全抑制适应期铜绿微囊藻的生长;在4d...     

凤眼莲化感物质对铜绿微囊藻、斜生栅藻生长及细胞数相对比例的影响

为探索化感物质在蓝藻水华治理方面的应用潜力,选取在凤眼莲根系分泌物中发现的5种化感物质（亚油酸、亚油酸甘油酯、丙酰胺、N-苯基—2-萘胺和壬酸）,研究了3种剂量下（0.1、1.0、10.0mg.L-1）其对单一、混合培养铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻生长的影响.结果发现,化感物质成分、剂量和藻类培养方式对铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻生长...     

Eutrophication and algal blooms in channel type reservoirs: A novel enclosure experiment by changing light intensity

To explore eutrophication and algal bloom mechanisms in channel type reservoirs, a novel enclosure experiment was conducted by changing light intensity (LI) in the Daning River of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Square enclosures (side 5.0 m) were covered on the surface with shading materials of different thickness, and with their bases open to the river. Changes and characteristics of the main eutrophication factors under the same water quality and hydrodynamic conditions but different LI were evaluated. All experimental water samples were neutral and alkalescent, with high nitrogen and phosphate concentrations, low potassium permanganate index, stable water quality, and different LI. At the same water depth, LI decreased with increasing shade material, while dissolved oxygen and water temperature were both stable. The growth peak of phytoplankton was with light of 345-4390 lux underwater or 558-7450 lux above the water surface, and water temperature of 25.6-26.5℃. Algae were observed in all water samples, accounting for 6 phylum and 57 species, with algal density changing frequently. The results showed that significantly strong or weak light was unfavorable for phytoplankton growth and the function together with suitable temperature and LI and ample sunshine encouraged algal blooms under the same water quality and hydrodynamic conditions. Correlation analysis indicated that algae reduced gradually lengthwise along water depth in the same enclosure while pH became high. The power exponent relationship between chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and LI was found by curve fitting, that is Chl-a = K(LI)ⁿ.     

甲藻赤潮和水华应急处置技术的进展

近年来,我国甲藻赤潮和水华经常发生,致使生态系统进一步恶化。根据国内外有关的研究报道,进行了综合评估分析,为在不同环境条件下,相应地采取生物、物理和化学等方法应急处置甲藻赤潮和水华提供参考。