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发酵稻草抑藻机理研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
稻草在通气条件下经1个月发酵后,发酵稻草及其发酵液对鱼腥藻和念珠藻的生长具有显著的抑制效果,而对小球藻的抑制效果不明显,这说明发酵稻草的抑藻作用是有特异性的;经过灭菌的发酵稻草、没有经过发酵的稻草则没有抑藻作用,显示抑制藻类的物质是在稻草经过发酵后形成的,且该物质对热敏感。我们从发酵稻草中分离出21株微生物,发现其中一株(B3)具有和发酵稻草相同的抑藻效果,它能强烈地抑制鱼腥藻和念珠藻的生长,但它的发酵滤液没有抑制作用。本实验表明发酵稻草的抑藻作用是由于稻草在发酵过程中富集了某种微生物,这种微生物直接作用于藻类,使藻类的生长受到抑制,甚至死亡。 相似文献
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富营养化水体中藻类生长限制因素的确定及其应用 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
在富化营养化的巢湖,围隔实验结果表明磷和其它营养元素不是水体藻类的生长限制因素、藻类生长的正磷酸盐阈值浓度为0.019mg/l,它低于巢湖实际浓度。湖水的矿物性浊度很高,净生产力在一米水深以下呈现负值,数据表明学强在大数时间是藻类生长的限制因素。在巢湖治理过程中,需大幅降低流域内的磷负荷,使湖水平均溶解态总磷浓度从目前的0.049ml/l降到0.019mg/l以下。因此巢湖在治理和恢复是一个缓慢的 相似文献
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<正>Microcystins are potent toxins,produced naturally by cyanobacteria(blue green algae),and they present significant threats to human and animal health(WHO,1999;Chorus,2001;Carmichael et al.,2001;Falconer,2005;IARC,2010;Ma et al.,2015).These cyclic peptides consist of five common core amino 相似文献
67.
Hallock P Lidz BH Cockey-Burkhard EM Donnelly KB 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):221-238
Coral reef communities are threatened worldwide. Resource managers urgently need indicators of the biological condition of reef environments that can relate data acquired through remote-sensing, water-quality and benthic-community monitoring to stress responses in reef organisms. The FORAM (Foraminifera in Reef Assessment and Monitoring) Index (FI) is based on 30 years of research on reef sediments and reef-dwelling larger foraminifers. These shelled protists are ideal indicator organisms because: Foraminifers are widely used as environmental and paleoenvironmental indicators in many contexts; Reef-building, zooxanthellate corals and foraminifers with algal symbionts have similar water-quality requirements; The relatively short life spans of foraminifers as compared with long-lived colonial corals facilitate differentiation between long-term water-quality decline and episodic stress events; Foraminifers are relatively small and abundant, permitting statistically significant sample sizes to be collected quickly and relatively inexpensively, ideally as a component of comprehensive monitoring programs; and Collection of foraminifers has minimal impact on reef resources.USEPA guidelines for ecological indicators are used to evaluate the FI. Data required are foraminiferal assemblages from surface sediments of reef-associated environments. The FI provides resource managers with a simple procedure for determining the suitability of benthic environments for communities dominated by algal symbiotic organisms. The FI can be applied independently, or incorporated into existing or planned monitoring efforts. The simple calculations require limited computer capabilities and therefore can be applied readily to reef-associated environments worldwide. In addition, the foraminiferal shells collected can be subjected to morphometric and geochemical analyses in areas of suspected heavy-metal pollution, and the data sets for the index can be used with other monitoring data in detailed multidimensional assessments. 相似文献
68.
Louis A. Heifrich Mark Zimmerman Diana L. Weigmann 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1995,31(2):307-316
ABSTRACT: Filtering efficiency of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), carp (Cyprinus carpio), and a freshwater mussel (Elliptio coinpianata) was measured in field and laboratory trials to assess the ability of each species to control phytoplankton and suspended solid densities. All fish species tested were ineffective filterers and generally increased, rather than suppressed, algal and suspended solid concentrations. Filtering efficiencies of fish varied between -354 and 84 percent, depending on the size, shape, abundance, palatability, composition, and resistance to digestion of the particles. Because of poor filtering abilities, unpredictable feeding habits, and sensitivity to stress, the fish species examined are not effective biological controls in waste lagoons. In contrast, the freshwater mussel Elliptio was a highly effective control organism, averaging 66 percent filtering efficiency over a wide size range of algal and suspended particles. Filtration efficiency was positively correlated with mussel density. Elliptio was efficient at filtering small particles, which are particularly difficult to remove. Mean filtration rates ranged from 53 to 134 ml/mussel/h depending on the algal species consumed and algal densities (range 50–180,000 cells/ml) and 3 mg/L/mussel/h on suspended solids (range 14 to 112 mg/L). Water clarification was facilitated by both direct consumption and pseudofeces deposition. Elliptio and probably other mussel species can effectively control algae and suspended solids in wastewater lagoons and eutrophic lakes, if environmental conditions, especially dissolved oxygen levels, are suitable (>5 mg/L) for their survival. 相似文献
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Juan A. Correa Marco A. Ramírez Jean-Paul de la Harpe Domingo Román Lidia Rivera 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,61(2):267-283
We experimentally tested threealternative hypotheses to explain the low algaldiversity and abundance in an intertidal zonereceiving the effluents of the copper mine El Salvadorin northern Chile. Our results demonstrated thatalgae were able to grow at the levels of dissolvedcopper detected in coastal waters of the area. Duringthe assays, growth and regeneration in several red,green and brown adult algae and juvenile Lessonia nigrescens were normal at copper levels of150 g L-1 or, in some cases, higher. Wealso found that the coastal sea water mixed with theeffluent was not lethal to algae, although in somecases minor effects on growth were detected. Theseresults indicate that today's low algal diversity andabundance can not be explained by the current copperlevels in the area nor by the effect of the effluent.Exclusion of grazers, however, resulted in a fastcolonization by various algal species. This, togetherwith atypically high grazer density at the areas underthe influence of the effluent, strongly suggests thatherbivory, a factor not directly related to the miningoperation, is likely to be responsible for the lowalgal diversity and abundance in the studied locality. 相似文献
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