水膜预湿行为对典型保温材料燃烧抑制实验研究

为探索喷淋形成水膜的预湿行为对外立面典型保温材料燃烧抑制机理,采用自建水膜预湿抑制保温材料燃烧实验装置,研究外加辐射作用下,水膜流率对聚苯乙烯(PS)保温材料表面出现干斑、变形和熔融的影响规律.结果表明:实验结束时PS材料表面水膜出现干斑、材料发生变形和熔融面积占比均与无量纲辐射强度呈正相关;PS材料表面水膜出现干斑、...     

Reduction–melting combined with a Na2CO3 flux recycling process for lead recovery from cathode ray tube funnel glass

With large quantity of flux (Na₂CO₃), lead can be recovered from the funnel glass of waste cathode-ray tubes via reduction–melting at 1000 °C. To reduce flux cost, a technique to recover added flux from the generated oxide phase is also important in order to recycle the flux recovered from the reduction–melting process. In this study, the phase separation of sodium and the crystallization of water-soluble sodium silicates were induced after the reduction–melting process to enhance the leachability of sodium in the oxide phase and to extract the sodium from the phase for the recovery of Na₂CO₃ as flux. A reductive atmosphere promoted the phase separation and crystallization, and the leachability of sodium from the oxide phase was enhanced. The optimum temperature and treatment time for increasing the leachability were 700 °C and 2 h, respectively. After treatment, more than 90% of the sodium in the oxide phase was extracted in water. NaHCO₃ can be recovered by carbonization of the solution containing sodium ions using carbon dioxide gas, decomposed to Na₂CO₃ at 50 °C and recycled for use in the reduction–melting process.     

RH大孔吸附树脂处理炼油厂碱渣废水的研究

在研究ＲＨ大孔吸附树脂吸附和解吸性能的基础上，以ＲＨ树脂处理炼油厂的碱渣进行了试验。结果表明，ＲＨ树脂可用于碱渣脱酚，在一定条件下，树脂的吸酚量可达１３０ｍｇ／ｍｌ，吸附饱和后的树脂，解吸后可重复使用，碱渣中的硫不会树脂中毒而降低吸酚量。     

内蒙古巴尔哲碱性花岗岩稀有稀土矿床地质特征及成因探讨

内蒙古巴尔哲特大型碱性花岗岩稀有稀土矿床是国内首次发现的一种新类型工业矿床,其规模居亚洲第三位.含矿岩体为燕山期碱性花岗岩,岩体普遍矿化,岩体即是矿体,矿石品位富、稀有稀土元素种类多,其共生伴生矿物多达44种,工业矿物以羟硅铍钇铈矿、烧绿石、铌铁矿、锌日光榴石为主.     

燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫除尘一体化系统的无垢运行研究

在燃煤锅炉上采用双碱法脱硫工艺,分析了系统运行过程中可能出现的结垢问题,并进一步讨论了解决问题的方法。实验结果表明,将一定量进水投入浆池后,用石灰再生并补充纯碱后打入出水能有效防止系统内部的结垢,当进水的pH值为6.6￣6.8,浆池中水的pH值为10￣11时,系统无垢运行效果最佳。     

Cr元素对铁合金抗热强碱磨损腐蚀性能的影响

测定了10钢、20Cr5、20Cr11含铬铸钢和185Cr13、295Cr26高铬铸铁在85℃的质量浓度为303g蛐L的NaOH溶液中的腐蚀速率、电位鄄时间曲线、静态及冲刷条件下的电化学曲线。实验结果显示,铬钢和铬铸铁在静态浸泡中,电位都经历过高—低—高的变化,表明其腐蚀历程相似。在静态条件下,含铬量高的铬钢和铸铁腐蚀失重大于含铬量低的材料。在冲刷条件下,由失重法获得的总失重和由极化曲线计算得到的腐蚀失重均显示含铬高的铸铁抗磨损腐蚀性能优于含铬量相对低的铸铁。增加铬含量,对合金抗热强碱的纯腐蚀有不利的影响,但却有利于材料抗热强碱介质的磨损腐蚀。     

Melting and incineration plants of municipal waste. Chemical and biochemical diagnosis of thermal processing samples (emission,residues)

Control of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in emissions and thermal residues from incinerators has been a cause of public concern for more than one decade. Recently, several studies showed that other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs) also have dioxin-like activity and are released from incinerators. Therefore, the present study was aimed at making a risk assessment about dioxin-like activity in extracts of thermal waste residues (e.g. combustion gas; fly ash, slag) from incineration and melting processes in Germany and Japan. For this purpose, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed by chemical analysis. Additionally, 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD equivalents (EROD-TEQs) were determined by in vitro Micro-EROD bioassay using rat H4IIE hepatoma cells. EROD-TEQs could be correlated to I-TEQ values (from PCDD/Fs/co-PCBs) analyzed by chemical analysis resulting in a maximal sixfold higher estimate. Our study indicates minor influences of co-PCBs, PAHs and PCNs to the sum of dioxin-like toxicity in the extracts of thermal waste residues as determined here. Furthermore, we showed that the levels of dioxins and co-PCBs contained in slag from melting processes and bottom ashes from incineration processes were lower by 1-2 orders of magnitude than that in fly ash.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰浸出特性及固化试验的研究

垃圾焚烧飞灰残留有重金属元素和二恶英等物质而被认为是危险废物,必须对之进行稳定化处理.通过试验研究分析了国内首家自主开发成功的广东省东莞市某回转窑垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾焚烧飞灰的化学成分及矿物组成,研究了飞灰的浸出毒性,考察了水泥固化焚烧飞灰的效果,并与熔融/玻璃固化进行了比较.研究表明,该焚烧飞灰中重金属Cd的浸出毒性严重超标,并且随pH值的减小而增大,水泥固化效果随龄期的增大而更加显著.熔融/玻璃固化的效果优于水泥固化,但其经济性有待提高.     

沈阳某冶炼厂污染土壤中砷的稳定化研究

稳定化是一种相对经济有效的治理重金属污染土壤的方法。文章以沈阳某冶炼厂厂区旧址的重金属复合污染土壤为研究对象,通过向土壤中添加不同药剂,研究了不同碱性化学物质对土壤砷稳定化的效果。结果表明,碳酸钠和硫化钠的加入对土壤pH的贡献均较大,但使砷的浸出毒性增强,对土壤中砷的稳定起负作用;碳酸钙和多硫化钙对土壤中砷的稳定化效果也不明显;氧化钙的效果最好,使得该重污染土壤中砷的浸出毒性降低到危险废弃物毒性浸出标准(GB5085.3-1996)以内。     

不同方式预处理污泥对微生物燃料电池的影响

为了探究不同预处理方式污泥对MFC（microbial fuel cell,微生物燃料电池）的影响,采用双室MFC反应器构型,以不同预处理方式的污泥作为MFC的底物基质,包括热处理污泥、废碱渣预处理污泥、未处理污泥,并设置静态试验组污泥（开路试验）,考察MFC的产电性能（电压、电功率密度）、pH、COD_Cr、总悬浮物（TSS）、挥发性悬浮物（VSS）、EPS（胞外聚合物）以及三维荧光等参数的变化规律.结果表明:①在所设外电阻条件下（1 000 Ω）,MFC的最大启动电压可达0.3 V;②废碱渣预处理污泥的最大功率密度可达70.1 mW/m2,热处理污泥的最大功率密度可达60.1 mW/m2,预处理后污泥的性能优于未处理污泥;③热处理污泥、废碱渣预处理污泥、未处理污泥以及静态试验组污泥的pH总体呈下降的趋势,废碱渣预处理污泥及热处理污泥总悬浮物和挥发性悬浮物的去除率均高于未处理污泥,且COD_Cr有类似的变化规律.在此基础上,进一步分析污泥EPS的组成成分以及三维荧光光谱图的特性发现,污泥EPS中蛋白质质量浓度最高,并且腐殖酸能够在一定程度上辅助胞外电子基团的转移,三维荧光光谱图也证实了不同预处理方式污泥随厌氧消化过程的变化规律.研究显示,将废碱渣预处理的污泥作为MFC的底物,不仅降低了资源能耗而且提高了MFC的产电性能,实现了综合绿色发展.