碱渣的综合利用发展状况研究

对国内外氨碱法生产的碱渣在建筑工程材料、土壤改良剂和烟气脱硫方面的应用进行了阐述，提出碱渣作为烟气脱硫剂有望成为研究的重点。     

碱性β-聚糖酶产生菌选育及产酶条件优化

从碱性土样中分离到数十株产碱性β聚糖酶类的细菌,经摇瓶反复筛选后,得到一株碱性β聚糖酶产量较高的耐碱性细菌．经初步鉴定,属短小芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｐｕｍｉｌｕｓ）．其纤维素酶作用的最适ｐＨ为７．６,最适θ为６０℃,木聚糖酶的作用最适ｐＨ为９．０,最适θ为５５℃．该菌的最适生长ｐＨ为８．０,最适产酶θ为２８～３２℃．木聚糖与山梨糖分别是木聚糖酶和纤维素酶的良好诱导物．以麸皮为碳源,产酶的最适浓度为５％．添加尿素和（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４为氮源可提高纤维素酶酶活２倍,木聚糖酶酶活１倍．发酵周期为６０ｈ,纤维素酶酶活最高可达１．２１ＩＵｍＬ－１,木聚糖酶酶活可达４３ＩＵｍＬ－１．     

碱处理对互花米草理化特性的影响研究

研究了5%的NaOH溶液固态处理互花米草后,互花米草的物质结构、物质组成以及水浸提液理化特性的变化.结果表明,经5%的NaOH溶液处理48h后,互花米草的木质纤维结构受到破坏,木质素大分子被碎片化,一些含氮的有机物和碳水化合物受到破坏,导致互花米草水浸提液的COD、TN和有机氮含量大幅增加,分别增加了333.90%、45.26%和25.83倍.对纤维素含量和纤维素结晶度的影响不大,但纤维素的结晶区可能发生了一定的重结晶.半纤维素受到较大程度的破坏,半纤维素含量大幅降低了27.65%,产生了一些羧基类物质.碱处理后,木质素的包裹作用被去除,互花米草的生物降解性能提高.     

盐碱地区土壤对混凝土腐蚀规律和机理的研究

根据多年的试验研究成果及对土壤理化性质的分析结果,论述了内陆盐土对混凝土材料腐蚀的规律和机理,分析研究了各种钢筋混凝土材料在埋设初期混凝土强度增长的机理和在埋设后期混凝土强度降低的机理,为在盐碱地区进行基本建设时合理选材及防腐设计提供参考.     

Much Ado: How Big Is the Problem of Hydrolysis of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MtBE) to Form Tertiary Butyl Alcohol (tBA)?

Groundwater contaminated by the gasoline additive methyl tertiary butyl ether (MtBE) is also frequently impacted by tertiary butyl alcohol (tBA). The USEPA recently sponsored a study that discusses the possibility of hydrolysis of MtBE to form tBA during analytical procedures. This finding is important because it suggests that existing tBA data may not accurately depict tBA or MtBE concentrations in groundwater. This article discusses the mechanism and kinetics of MtBE hydrolysis, then presents three case studies of analytical results from sites in California, USA. Although these case studies are limited in scope, the data do not support the occurrence of the hydrolysis of MtBE to form tBA due to acid preservation of groundwater samples. At a minimum, this suggests that MtBE hydrolysis may not be as pervasive a problem as suggested in USEPA's study; therefore, concerns about the validity of historical tBA data may not be warranted. The reason for this result may be simple: there are two necessary factors that promote hydrolysis: low pH and high temperature (above 40°C). Although the static headspace analysis method used to obtain the data in the White et al. study may require heating to achieve adequate sensitivity, many laboratories perform purge-and-trap analyses without heating. Under those conditions, hydrolysis may not occur. However, it may be prudent to preserve samples with alkaline preservatives, to eschew high temperatures during the analysis of groundwater samples, or to neutralize the sample pH before heating.     

ASSESSMENT OF PREDICTORS FOR STREAM EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL1

ABSTRACT: Predicting stream eutrophication potential from non-point source nutrient loading across large temporal and spatial scales is a significant problem. In this paper we describe how two physiological indicators of P stress of stream bioflims, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and stored (surplus) P relate to two predictors of P loading: annual P loading predicted by the watershed model SIMPLE, and stream concentrations of soluble reactive P (SRP) in eight subbasins in the illinois River basin in Oklahoma. Data for APA, surplus P, nutrients and water chemistry were obtained at watershed outlets once during the cold season and twice during the warm season. There was a negative curvilinear relationship between APA and both predictors. Best fit was achieved by APA vs. annual predicted P loading. Both SRP and P. load are potentially useful to identify subbasins requiring no pollution abatement and to establish a regional target for P-load reduction. Surplus P is not as useful as APA in establishing these thresholds.     

大型水生植物对骆马湖氮、磷元素的影响

对骆马湖有草区和无草区水体和沉积物中氮、磷元素含量分析,结果表明:无草区水体中总氮、总磷含量高于有草区;有草区表层沉积物总氮含量随时间变化明显,而无草区表层沉积物总氮含量随时间的变化很小;有草区与无草区表层沉积物中总磷含量的时间变化并无明显差异;有草区表层沉积物总氮含量基本上均高于无草区,而有草区表层沉积物总磷含量均要低于无草区。骆马湖有草区与无草区采样点沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性大小在58.41～315.07 mg/(kg.h)范围内变化,有草区的碱性磷酸酶的活性普遍低于无草区的碱性磷酸酶活性。在湖泊中种植大型水生植物确实可以减少水体污染,达到净化水质的目的。     

碱性蚀刻废液的综合利用

介绍了利用含铜蚀刻废液回收铜的生产工艺、技术特点、工艺流程和产品质量. 研究了沉淀母液中残余铜的除去方法,使之再生,可回用于碱性蚀刻液的生产.碱性蚀刻废液的综合利用对于资源节约与环境保护都具有重要意义.     

环境因子对湖泊沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

文章对云龙湖和骆马湖2种不同类型湖泊沉积物的碱性磷酸酶进行了测定,分析了水体理化特性、季节变化及水生植物对湖泊沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性的影响,结果表明:pH值、温度对沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性影响较大,呈显著正相关(r=0.220,P70.05;r=0.478,P70.01),而DO值的影响较小,相关不显著;随着季节的变化,云龙湖沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性变化较明显,其变化规律为夏季>秋季>冬季>春季,夏季最高,为330.27 mg/(kg·h),春季最低,为154.65 mg/(kg·h);随着季节的变化,水体pH、DO变化较小,分别为8.12～8.50、6.84～8.47 mg/L,温度变化较大,为3.3～26.5℃;水生植物对骆马湖沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性影响较大,有草区均大于无草区且有草区碱性磷酸酶活性随季节变化显著。因此,水体理化特性、季节变化及水生植物等环境因子对不同湖泊沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性有重要影响。