螺孢菌ZG9901的筛选及其产碱性果胶酶发酵条件研究

用筛选培养基从芦苇土壤中筛选到７株碱性果胶酶产生菌株,经初筛选和复筛得到产酶活性较高的一株菌株ＺＧ９９０１,初步鉴定为螺孢菌属Ｓｐｉｒｉｌｌｏｓｐｏｒａ ｓｐｐ．最适摇瓶产酶条件是：果胶２０ｇ／Ｌ,乳糖２０ｇ／Ｌ,蛋白胨３ｇ／Ｌ,酵母膏４ｇ／Ｌ,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４１ｇ／Ｌ,ＭｇＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ０．０４ｇ／Ｌ,ＭｇＣｌ２０．２ｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ９．０,３２℃培养３６ｈ达到产酶高峰。     

离子交换纤维对金属氰络合物吸附性能的研究

采用强碱性离子交换纤维对含氰废水中主要离子铜氰络合物、锌氰络合物的吸附性能进行了研究。实验结果表明：含氰废水的pH在8—11范围内，纤维材料对金属氰络合物具有良好的吸附性能；纤维对铜氰络合物、锌氰络合物的吸附速率很快，4min左右就可达吸附平衡；温度对铜氰络合物、锌氰络合物吸附影响不大，纤维的这些吸附特点对工业应用非常有利。     

泡囊丛枝菌根对红三叶草根际土壤磷酸酶活性的影响

以三叶草为材料,利用三室隔网培养方法,研究了缺磷土壤上施用植酸时接种３种泡囊丛枝菌根真菌（Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｍｏｓｓｅａｅ,Ｇｌｍｏｕｓ ｖｅｒｓｉｆｏｒｍｅ,Ｇｉｇａｓｐｏｒａ ｍａｒｇａｒｉｔａ）对根际土壤酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。三叶草生长６０ｄ后,收获测定距根表不同距离土壤中的磷酸酶活性,结果表明,接种菌根真菌增加了根际土壤酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性,Ｇｉｇａｓｐｏｒａ ｍａｒｇａｒｉｔａ菌     

不同生境产脂肪酶菌株的筛选及多样性

为发掘不同特性脂肪酶微生物资源,采用纯培养方法从青海高寒草地、雅安山区、成都平原分离得到产脂肪酶菌株54株.通过对菌株的DNA进行ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析,按聚类树划分为5个操作分类单元.16S rDNA序列测定和聚类分析显示,分离菌株分布于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter).多样性分析表明,与青海高寒草地、雅安山区相比,成都平原产脂肪酶菌株遗传多样性更为丰富.在54株菌中都出现了300 bp和1 300 bp两个特异且稳定出现的条带,这两个特异条带可能是产脂肪酶菌株的SCAR标记条带.     

三峡库区澎溪河不同高程消落带土壤磷形态及磷酸酶活性分布特征

磷酸酶可将有机磷矿化为无机磷,对土壤有机磷转化具有重要作用,然而目前鲜见关于三峡库区消落带土壤磷酸酶及其与磷形态转化的相关报道.研究澎溪河流域落干期不同高程消落带土壤磷形态及磷酸酶活性的分布特征,分析了磷酸酶活性与磷形态之间的相关性及其对磷形态的影响.结果表明,不同高程消落带土壤的H₂ O-P_i、NaHCO₃-P_i和NaOH-P_i含量均高于岸边土壤,生物可酶解磷含量和NaOH-P_o含量随高程增加而升高.冗余分析显示有机质和无定形铁锰含量是影响不同高程土壤有机磷形态的主要原因.消落带土壤酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、磷酸二酯酶（以p-NP计）和植酸酶（以P计）活性均值分别为1.40、2.60、0.44和11.43 μmol ·（g ·h）^-1,且消落带土壤各磷酸酶活性随高程增加而增大,植物量和微生物量差异是导致消落带磷酸酶活性空间分布差异的重要原因.整体上消落带土壤磷酸酶活性与各有机磷形态含量呈显著正相关,而与生物可利用磷含量呈负相关.较高高程消落带土壤磷酸酶活性较高而生物可利用磷含量较低,在淹水初期磷酸酶介导的矿化有机磷为无机磷速率相对较高,向上覆水体释放磷的风险也较大.研究成果有助于全面理解三峡库区消落带土壤磷的地球化学循环.     

营养盐输入对太湖水体中磷形态转化及藻类生长的影响

外源营养盐输入会对湖泊水体中磷的形态转化及藻类生长产生影响.为研究其影响规律,于春季选取太湖梅梁湾水体为研究对象,以KNO3和K2HPO4添加系列氮磷负荷,在试验过程中对各形态磷的浓度、藻类生物量(Chl-a)和碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)进行同步分析测定.结果表明,春季太湖梅梁湾水体中浮游植物的生长主要受到磷限制,加氮对其生长没有明显的促进作用.加磷至SRP=0.015 mg·L-1的水体中浮游植物生长情况最好,叶绿素a的含量和生长速率(μ)最大.添加硝酸盐能显著促进APA的增长,提高水生生物对磷的吸收利用能力,加快磷循环的速率;磷酸盐对APA则具有活性诱导-抑制机制,当水体中磷酸盐浓度在一定范围内(PO3-4-P≤0.025 mg·L-1)时,酶活性有显著提高.对水体中磷的循环转化过程和碱性磷酸酶的活性诱导-抑制机制的研究结果有助于揭示藻类生长过程中营养盐的补偿途径,为深入揭示藻类暴发机制提供理论基础.     

复合人工湿地系统酶活性及其与污染物净化效果的相关性

构建目前广泛应用的复合垂直流人工湿地系统,从酶学角度探讨湿地主要污染物净化机理。通过对下行流-上行流复合人工湿地和下行流-下行流复合人工湿地2套系统磷酸酶、脲酶活性的测定发现,磷酸酶、脲酶活性随系统流程逐级降低,一级池磷酸酶、脲酶活性较高且日变化较大,同一一级池中磷酸酶、脲酶活性呈显著相关性。系统脲酶活性和TN去除率相关性显著,磷酸酶活性与TP去除率不存在显著相关性,磷酸酶、脲酶活性与COD去除率相关性亦不显著。     

Growth and alkaline phosphatase activity of Chattonella marina and Heterosigma akashiwo in response to phosphorus limitation

The growth and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) of two raphidophyceae species Chattonella marina and Heterosigma akashiwo were investigated in response to P-limitation and subsequent addition of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP, NaH₂PO₄) and two dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) compounds: guanosine 5-monophosphate (GMP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP). APA levels increased greatly after P-starvation as the decrease of the cellular phosphorus quotes (Q_p). C. marina responded to P-limitation quickly and strongly, with 10-fold increase in APA within 24 hr after P-starvation. The larger difference between maximal and minimal Q_P values in C. marina indicated its high capacity in P storage. APA of H. akashiwo was maximally enlarged about 2.5 times at 48 hr of P-starvation. After the addition of nutrients, cell numbers of C. marina increased in all treatments including the P-free culture, demonstrating the higher endurance of C. marina to P-limitation. However, those of H. akashiwo increased only in DIP and GMP cultures. APA increased only after the addition of the monophosphate ester GMP. The results suggest that quick responses of C. marina to P-limitation, high capacity in P storage as well as endurance for P-depletion provide this species an ecological advantage in phytoplankton community competition under DIP-limited conditions.     

碱性物质中和法在处理煤矿废水中的应用

在地下煤矿开采的地区，大都伴之有地下水排放。在面临全球性淡水缺乏的形势下，煤矿排放废水却作为污染源，日夜注入河床，致使环境保护部门为之大伤脑筋，而且各煤矿也为煤矿排放废水的治理，付出了很大的经济代价。因此如何解决煤矿排放废水达标排放的问题，使其能作为矿产资源和水资源得到再利用，解决即将到来的水荒危机就成为了本次论文讨论的重点。     

Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis using a monoclonal antibody specific for intestinal alkaline phosphatase

A monoclonal antibody (AAP-1), specific for the intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), has been used to develop an immunoassay for amniotic fluid samples. Values in the immunoassay correlated closely with those obtained by direct determination of phenylalanine-inhibitable ALP. A panel of 124 control second-trimester amniotic fluids and 21 fluids with a 1 in 4 risk of a cystic fibrosis fetus were examined in the immunoassay. Eight of 10 affected cases had values below an arbitrary cut-off of one third median, while all the non-affected cases were above this level. Almost identical results were obtained by enzymatic determination of phenylalanine-inhibitable ALP. However, in both systems the false positive rate (control fluids with values below one third median), was unacceptably high. It is pointed out that at present the most effective system for the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is achieved by measuring the ratio of intestinal to total ALP in amniotic fluid supernatants. This is probably best effected by enzymatic assay in the presence of phenylalanine and homoarginine inhibition.