Alkaline phosphatase activity in amniotic fluid in pregnancies with fetal disorders

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined in 255 amniotic fluid samples collected by amniocentesis between 15 and 39 weeks of gestation. The samples were originally used for chromosomal analysis and/or alpha-fetoprotein measurements. The mean ALP activity in early amniotic fluid from pregnancies with fetal trisomy 18 and 21 syndromes was half of that found in the controls. Highly elevated ALP activity (over 10 times the median level) was found in 14 samples. Two of these pregnancies had normal outcome. Three samples were from pregnancies with intrauterine fetal death. Fetal disorders, including abdominal wall defect (four cases), Meckel's syndrome (two), hydrops fetalis syndrome (two) and genital anomaly (one), were observed in nine cases. Moderately elevated ALP activity (over three times the median) was found in 10 cases, including five pregnancies with a preterm labour shortly after the sample collection. The results indicate that elevated ALP activity in the third trimester amniotic fluid is often associated with fetal disorders.     

青藏高原降水化学研究

一般认为天然降雨呈弱酸性,但是观测显示青藏高原上拉萨及其它3个城市降水呈碱性,以重碳酸盐阳离子为主,污染物很少.通过对实测资料和试验结果的分析计算,认为地球上干旱和半干旱地区天然降水的应呈弱碱性,原因是大气中漂浮着碱性粉尘.     

重金属汞对土壤酸性磷酸酶的影响及其机理

通过土壤培养试验、紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱技术 ,研究了重金属汞对土壤酸性磷酸酶催化活性、动力学性质的影响及机理 .结果表明 ,汞对土壤酸性磷酸酶活性、酶促反应动力学性质均具有显著影响 .汞对土壤酸性磷酸酶的作用可能为非竞争与反竞争混合的抑制类型 .而汞对麦芽酸性磷酸酶的抑制作用为反竞争性抑制 .重金属汞通过改变土壤酸性磷酸酶分子色氨酸、酪氨酸残基的微环境致使酶活性中心的构象发生变化 ,进而对酶的催化活性产生影响     

碱消解-HPLC同时测定土壤中的无机汞和甲基汞

建立了碱消解-高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时测定土壤中无机汞和甲基汞的分析方法。试验研究了KOH/甲醇提取液浓度、消解时间以及反萃取剂Na2S2O3浓度对碱消解过程中甲基汞提取率的影响,当KOH/甲醇提取液浓度为25%、消解时间为12 min、Na2S2O3浓度为0.01 mol/L时,KOH/甲醇溶液对土壤甲基汞的提取率最高。提取出的无机汞和甲基汞,经衍生后HPLC法测定,流动相最佳选择为0.01 mol/LTBABr和0.025 mol/L NaCl的水溶液:甲醇=45:55(v:v)。在优化检测条件下,土壤样品中无机汞和甲基汞的检出限分别为1 ng/g和10 ng/g。该方法样品前处理简单、线性范围宽、精密度高、准确性好,适用于土壤中汞化合物的形态分析。     

聚氨酯生物膜载体处理高氨氮废水的研究

利用NaOH对聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行碱解扩孔处理,研究其作为微生物膜载体应用于曝气生物滤池,处理高氨氮模拟废水的效果。泡沫经ω=8%NaOH溶液处理0.5、1和1.5 h,结果表明:扩孔后的聚氨酯载体在孔隙率、持水倍率等方面都有所提高。碱解0.5 h对聚氨酯处理效果最好,孔隙率达到93.4%,持水倍率达到31.4。碱解扩孔处理聚氨酯泡沫载体亲水性能良好,微生物负载量达到264.35 mg/g,具有较高的微生物负载量。使用扩孔前后的聚氨酯泡沫作为微生物固定化载体用于模拟废水处理时,对于污水各指标的去除效果表明,对COD、NH4+-N等均具有较好的降解性能。     

Kinetic analysis of waste activated sludge hydrolysis and short-chain fatty acids production at pH 10

The accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a preferred carbon source for enhanced biological phosphorus removal microbes, was significantly improved when waste activated sludge (WAS) was fermented at pH 10. The kinetics of WAS hydrolysis and SCFAs production at pH 10 were investigated. It was observed that during WAS anaerobic fermentation at pH 10 the accumulation of SCFAs was limited by the hydrolysis process, and both the hydrolysis of WAS particulate COD and the accumulation of SCFAs followed first-order kinetics. The hydrolysis and SCFAs accumulation rate constants increased with a increasing of temperature from 10 to 35℃, which could be described by the Arrhenius equation. The kinetic data further indicated that SCFAs production at pH 10 was a biological process. Compared with the experiment of pH uncontrolled (blank test), both the rate constants of WAS hydrolysis and SCFAs accumulation at 20℃ were significantly improved when WAS was fermented at pH 10.     

化肥和有机肥配施生物炭对土壤磷酸酶活性和微生物群落的影响

研究化肥和有机肥配施生物炭处理下植株根际、非根际土壤磷酸酶活性和phoC、phoD基因微生物群落多样性变化的规律,可为土壤磷库中难溶性磷素向植物根系可吸收的无机态磷酸根离子转化提供一定的理论指导,同时也为土壤中磷素有效性的提高和生物炭的农业利用提供一定的试验依据.本研究以玉米秸秆和稻壳秸秆为供试材料,采用盆栽试验的方法...     

蒸汽锅炉烟气脱硫的简便方法

简要介绍了工业锅炉房利用锅炉水中的碱性物质除去烟气中SO2 的经济方法。     

Amniotic fluid digestive enzymes: Diagnostic value in fetal gastrointestinal obstructions

The diagnostic value of amniotic fluid gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGTP) and intestinal alkaline phos-phatase (iALP) was evaluated in 55 patients who underwent amniocentesis for karyotyping because fetal gastric or small bowel dilatation had been detected by ultrasound. Gastrointestinal malformation was confirmed in 46 cases and there was no gastrointestinal anomaly in nine cases. Prenatal ultrasound was suggestive of gastroduodenal dilatation in 34 cases (group I) and small bowel dilatation in 21 cases (group II). In group I, amniotic fluid GGTP above the 99th percentile was 71 per cent sensitive and 100 per cent specific for a true anatomical defect of the digestive tract (mainly duodenal atresia). In group II, high levels of GGTP and/or iALP were 69 per cent sensitive and 83 per cent specific for a fetal digestive tract anomaly. In other words, when digestive tract dilatations were diagnosed by prenatal sonography, abnormal amniotic fluid enzyme activities were strongly suggestive of such an anomaly, the possibility of which was not precluded by normal amniotic fluid iALP and GGTP activities. But amniotic fluid digestive enzyme activities do not help in defining the prognosis.     

高浓度硫化染色废水处理新工艺研究

采用混凝沉淀－铁屑过滤,碱析组合工艺处理高浓度硫化染色废水。生产性试验结果表明,此工艺对硫化物、ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５和色度的去除率分别达９７．０％、８４．７％、８５．７％和９８．９％,处理后出水的各项污染指标均符合国家排放标准,具有系统运行稳定,操作管理简便,工程投资少,处理低等优点。