东湖磷酸酶活力及其生态学意义研究

本文对东湖磷酸酶活力(PA)的来源,不同湖区活力水平的比较,及其与主要环境因子的关系作了初步研究。结果表明,东湖水柱中磷酸酶活力主要来自藻类,底泥中则主要来自细菌;在东湖磷浓度波动范围内,磷对碱性磷酸酶活力(ALPA)无明显抑制,实验室条件下相当于环境水平的磷浓度不能抑制PA;光照促进藻类PA的增加;溶解氧有利于藻类PA提高,对细菌PA则相反。     

碱剂共凝——一元化净化电镀废水装置

在电镀综合废水中投加硫酸亚铁还原六价铬,再用氢氧化钠调节 pH 值到7.8—9,使重金属离子生成氢氧化物,再经过净化器的混凝、沉淀、过滤后,水质达到国家排放标准,并回用作镀前处理清洗用水。在含有多种重金属离子的污泥中投加硫酸亚铁后,经过蒸气加热,空气搅拌生成铁氧体,不致造成二次污染。     

Effect of noise exposure (85 dB ) on testicular adrenocortical steroidogenic key enzymes, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities of sex organs in mature albino rats

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石化炼油厂碱渣废水处理工艺的选择

介绍了目前常规高浓度有机废水处理工艺各自的特点，提出在环评阶段如何选择炼油碱渣废水的处理工艺，并结合炼油厂自身特点向建设单位提供适宜的切实可行的碱渣废水处理工艺方案。     

碱熔工段碱雾污染治理的技术措施

叙述了磺化法生产苯酚碱熔工段碱雾污染治理的技术措施 ,指出在原碱雾回收流程中的旋风分离器上部设置喷淋吸收装置 ,并采用 5 %～ 10 %的氢氧化钠碱液吸收碱雾 ,可取得明显的治理效果     

联苯胺对碱性磷酸酶抑制作用及其动力学研究

联苯胺作为一种危害严重对环境污染物,对小牛肠碱性磷酸酶的酶活力有明显的抑制作用。这种抑制随着联苯胺浓度的增加而增强,当联苯胺浓度>1.0μg/L时,其抑制程度趋于恒定。运用酶活力研究的动力学模型,在不同的酶底物浓度及不同的抑制剂浓度下,用分光光度法监测酶底物水解产物浓度随时间变化的过程,研究了抑制剂联苯胺对小牛肠碱性磷酸酶活性的抑制动力学,结果表明,联苯胺对小牛肠碱性磷酸酶的抑制是可逆抑制,属于可逆抑制中的竞争性抑制类型;求得其抑制剂常数Ki为1.28×10-7mol/L。     

聚乙烯可环境消纳塑料的生物降解性能研究

采用生物活性剂对无机粉体进行表面处理,利用碱性无机材料的吸水性能制备出含少量淀粉和碱性无机材料的光钙型可环境消纳聚乙烯制品,通过力学性能、ASTM生物降解性能和卫生性能等分析,结果表明,该制品达到了HJBZ12-2000标准中规定的包装制品的标准要求和生物降解率的技术要求.     

海洋假单胞杆菌QD80低温碱性蛋白酶的化学修饰

海洋假单胞杆菌QD80低温碱性蛋白酶(QDAPr)具有良好的低温适应性,且与常见的增稠剂及表面活性剂有良好的配伍性.因此该蛋白酶在日用化学领域,尤其是低温洗涤领域,具有广泛的应用价值.为研究其结构与功能之间的关系,用EDC、PMSF、N-AI、2,3-丁二酮等8种化学修饰剂修饰该低温碱性蛋白酶,然后检测残余酶活力,借以研究酶分子中氨基酸侧链基团与酶活性中心的关系.结果表明,羧基、丝氨酸、ε-氨基、巯基等残基与酶活性无关;而色氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸残基侧链的化学修饰引起酶活性的大幅度下降,说明色氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸残基是酶活力所必需的基团.精氨酸残基侧链的化学修饰引起酶活性的轻微下降,说明精氨酸对酶活性具有一定贡献,但不处于活性中心.图5表2参18     

Discriminant analysis for assessing the value of amniotic fluid microvillar enzymes in the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis

We have analysed the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of biochemical diagnosis based on microvillar membrane enzyme assay and using discriminant analysis in amniotic fluid samples obtained from 54 pregnancies at high risk for cystic fibrosis and 125 normal pregnancies. Our results show that amniotic fluid trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and gamma-glutamyltransferase enzyme activities measured during 16–20 gestational weeks, in spite of their non-specificity for cystic fibrosis, have a very good predictive value for fetal cystic fibrosis or exclude the possibility of the disease. Overall enzyme activity analysis provided over 90 per cent reliability of the method.     

A comparative study of microvillar enzyme activities in the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis

The potential of four enzyme-based analytical systems has been compared in the secondtrimester prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). Direct activity measurements were made of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP), aminopeptidase M (APM) and the intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In the fourth system the proportions of total ALP inhibited by phenylalanine and homoarginine, respectively, were assessed. Each system was applied to amniotic fluid samples from 94 pregnancies with al in 4 risk of CF, divided into retrospective (36) and prospective (58) series. No system gave an absolute separation of affected from unaffected cases. Measurement of APM and intestinal ALP (phenylalanine-inhibitable ALP) gave a better detection rate for CF (35 of 41 cases, 85 per cent) than did measurement of GGTP (63 per cent) or assessment of ALP proportions (76 per cent). APM had a lower false positive rate (4 per cent) than intestinal ALP (8 per cent). For both the latter systems the detection rate of CF rose to 96 per cent (25 of 26), if gestations less than 17 weeks were excluded.