pH值调控柠檬酸污泥厌氧发酵产酸及碳源潜力研究

以柠檬酸废水厌氧颗粒污泥为接种物,在不同pH值调控条件下开展柠檬酸生产废水剩余活性污泥厌氧发酵产酸研究.通过对发酵液挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)、有机质、氮磷和污泥脱水性能的分析,探讨了柠檬酸污泥厌氧产酸机制.结果表明,pH≥10的碱性条件更有利于有机质的溶出从而促进VFAs的产生.三维荧光光谱分析发现在恒定pH值下腐殖酸(HA)和富里酸(FA)会大量溶出降低VFAs的产量.初始pH=10是柠檬酸污泥厌氧产酸的最佳p H值,发酵4d的VFAs浓度最高达(6681.47±126.82)mgCOD/L,是文献报道中市政污泥产酸量的近2倍,其中乙酸占比49.8%,发酵后产酸功能菌Chloroflexi、Bacteroidota的相对丰度分别由初始的9.52%、10.87%增至16.84%、14.39%,污泥归一化毛细吸水时间(nCST)为(11.34±0.27)s·L/g,脱水性能良好,发酵液TP浓度为(20.45±0.33) mg/L.研究表明,利用柠檬酸剩余活性污泥碱性厌氧发酵产酸作为污水处理过程中的外加碳源具有较大潜力.     

类水滑石对污泥焚烧飞灰浸出液中磷的纯化

采用Mg-Fe型类水滑石（LDH）吸附剂提纯污泥焚烧飞灰（ISSA）浸出液中的磷,探究了吸附剂煅烧对磷吸附效果的影响及磷吸附和脱附机理.研究发现,在高浓度磷溶液（>1000mg/L）中,未煅烧的类水滑石（LDHu）磷吸附容量高于煅烧后的类水滑石（LDHc）.LDHu具有典型的层状结构,磷的吸附与脱附主要通过磷和金属离子沉淀-溶解、静电吸附-排斥、配位作用和离子交换实现.而LDHc层状结构消失,形成双金属氧化物,不存在明显的阴离子交换作用.经LDHu或LDHc吸附和NaOH溶液脱附后,ISSA浸出液均具有良好的磷纯化效果,磷相对纯度从36%分别上升至77%和69%,磷回收率分别为84%和57%.纯化后的溶液适合制备高值含磷产物.     

Cesium inhibition of motor activity in comparison to Lithium and Rubidium †

The biochemical and toxicological significance of cesium is scarcely understood, and could be evaluated in comparison with lithium widely used as a psychotropic drug. Two male Wistar rat groups of 200–220 g are administered independently, lithium, sodium, rubidium and cesium chloride, in doses of 3mEq/Kg/day (0.024 Eq/L drinking water) during 29 days. Motor activity was measured after the injection of 70 mg pargyline/Kg animal i.p. as inhibitor of MAO A + B with an activimeter of Tedeschy type. Accumulative movements per minute are presented in function of time. Total brain proteins, alkaline and acid phosphatases and blood parameters, haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocytes, were determined.

The maximal increase of motor activity was seen in rats treated with RbCl 2 h after the pargyline administration and the diminution was Rb>Li>Cs. Cesium induced a decrease of the total serum protein concentration from 6.39 ± 0.1 to 5.8±0.5mg/100ml serum in controls. Acid and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in cesium treated rats. The three determined blood parameters, haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocytes, show also a decrement with cesium treatment compared to the control ones.     

用水力旋流器净化油田采出水

水力旋流器是近１０年来用于油田采出水处理系统的新型设备，它具有体积小、重量轻、分离性能好、运行安全可靠等优点，在世界各地的海上和陆地油田得到了广泛的使用。本文对具有代表性的Ｖｏｒｔｏｉｌ水力旋流器的基本结构、工作原理、影响分离性能的诸因素、应用和优点等进行了介绍。     

膜生物反应器废水处理新工艺

概述了国内外膜生物反应器的研究与应用状况；介绍了其构形与特点；分析了膜污染的成因，影响因素及防制措施；指出了今后的研究方向。     

Protozooplankton in the Deep Oligotrophic Traunsee (Austria) Influenced by Discharges of Soda and Salt Industries

Traunsee is a deep oligotrophic lake in Austria characterised by an artificial enrichment of chloride in the hypolimnion (up to 170 mg L^-1) caused by waste disposal of soda and salt industries. Protists were collected monthly over one year, observed alive and after Quantitative Protargol Staining (ciliates) or via epifluorescence microscopy (heterotrophic flagellates). Three sites within the lake (0–40 m depths) were compared to deeper water layers from 60–160 m depths where chloride concentrations and conductivity were increased. In addition, we observed the protozooplankton of two neighbouring lakes, i.e. reference systems, during one sampling occasion. In Traunsee the abundance of ciliates was low (200–36 600 cells L^-1) in contrast to high species diversity (at least 60 different species; H_S = 2.6) throughout the year. The main pelagic species in terms of abundance were small oligotrichs and prostomatids like Rimostrombidium brachykinetum/hyalinum, Balanion planctonicum and Urotricha spp. throughout the investigation period. Among free-living heterotrophic flagellates, which occurred at densities of 40–2800 cells mL^-1, small morphotypes dominated in the pelagial. No differences at the community level between the three lakes could be observed and pelagic ciliates and flagellates seemed not to be affected by increased chloride concentrations or by enhanced conductivity.     

超滤技术在废水处理中的应用

文章对超滤原理、超滤膜种类、国内外超滤技术发展现状等做了较详尽的阐述,同时着重介绍了超滤技术在油田含油废水、石化含油废水、金属加工用乳化废液、纤维加工油剂废水及羊毛精制废水中回收羊毛脂的应用实例。     

气相色谱仪检测溶解气H_2、He最佳观测条件的选择

通过色谱柱、固定相以及载气流速的选择性实验 ,提高了气相色谱仪在观测地下水中H2 、He分离效能和检测效能。本文对此作介绍 ,以期对使用气相色谱仪进行地下水H2 、He观测的台站能有所启发和借鉴     

利用粉煤灰处理含碱污水的试验研究

为了探讨火电厂除灰水中的粉煤灰（含炉渣）对炼油厂含碱污水中石油类、ＣＯＤ(ｃｒ)等污染物的吸附处理效果,根据某单位现场情况,将炼油厂含碱污水送入火电厂除灰沟→经充分混合排入储灰场→并经长时间沉降分离的流程进行模拟试验,结果表明：由于粉煤灰的吸附作用,显著降低了炼油厂含碱污水中的石油类、ＣＯＤ(ｃｒ)、挥发酚、碳化匕物等污染物。     

饮用水除氟技术研究的新进展

综述了近年来国内外饮用水除氟技术的研究新进展，介绍了沉淀、吸附和膜分离三种处理工艺的热点研究——电凝法、载镧改性吸附法和唐南透析法的基本原理和发展动态，并分析了各自的优缺点。认为开发高效、低成本、易操作和安全的饮用水新型除氟技术是目前的研究重点和方向。