滇西地区上地幔铅同位素组成的确定及其应用

滇西地区基性 超基性岩、碱性岩中的长石、石榴子石、橄榄石等单矿物及羊拉铜矿区二叠世海相玄武岩的铅同位素组成可以代表原始地幔的铅同位素组成 ,由此确定的该区上地幔铅同位素组成变化范围为　2 0 6Pb/2 0 4Pb =1 7.877～1 8.5 0 6,平均 1 8.1 0 8,2 0 7Pb/2 0 4Pb=1 5 .470～1 5 .5 87,平均 1 5 .479,2 0 8Pb/2 0 4Pb=3 7.797～ 3 8.5 67,平均 3 8.1 77。研究发现 ,由于受地壳物质的混染和成岩后U、Th衰变产生的放射成因铅的影响 ,这些幔源岩石全岩铅同位素组成已不能代表原始上地幔的铅同位素组成 ;金顶铅锌矿床的铅并非上地幔来源 ,而是相当于下地壳来源的铅与兰坪盆地沉积岩铅二者的混合铅。     

从粉煤灰中提取有用元素的研究

本文就采用选矿方法从粉煤灰中提取铁和碳作了系统的研究，同时提出了进一步利用粉煤灰的途径。     

炼油厂碱渣的治理与综合利用

从武汉石化厂碱渣来源分析碱渣污染物特征和游离碱浓度，概述并浅析目前国内碱渣处理工艺，重点介绍我厂减渣治理中源头控制，分质处理，二次利用的环保效益和经济效益并重的工作思路及碱渣治理的实践。     

混凝-预涂膜分离一体化技术在城市污水回用中的应用

利用集成混凝与硅藻土预涂膜分离技术深度处理城市污水厂出水以作为回用水.在混凝-预涂膜分离一体化设备内同时实现混凝剂反应、絮体生长、固液分离3个过程.结果表明,对于总磷浓度为5.0 mg·L-1、COD为100 mg·L-1的城市污水厂出水,投加聚合氯化铝75mg·L-1、膨润土100 mg·L-1,初始滤速为2.26 m·h-1时,出水总磷低于0.3 mg·L-1、COD低于30 mg·L-1.滤速与过水体积之间存在联系.混凝-预涂膜分离一体化处理单元的处理效果优于混凝-微滤单元,出水水质得到了一定程度的提高,达到了高效分离的目的,具有较好的应用前景.     

洗发精废水的处理

采用吸附-泡沫分离方法对洗发精废水进行预处理，最大限度地降低了废水中有机物和表面活性剂的浓度并提高后续生化处理过程的稳定性，吸附剂采用廉价的膨润土，不仅处理效果好，而且运行费用低，易脱水。实验表明，对洗发精废水采用吸附-泡沫分离-SBR生化工艺，可以使处理后的废水达到国家排放标准（GB8978-1996）。     

Incidental detection of premature centromere separation in amniocytes associated with a mild form of Roberts syndrome

Premature centromere separation (PCS) was detected in amniocytes after an amniocentesis was done because of markedly elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein values in a healthy primiparous young woman. PCS has been associated with the Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome (RS). By 23 weeks' gestation, ultrasonic evaluations did not reveal abnormal fetal development. The pregnancy continued and a male infant was born with mild manifestations of RS. PCS was confirmed in cord blood lymphocytes. This case illustrates that PCS, when detected in amniotic fluid cell cultures, requires a thorough evaluation.     

Stereoisomeric composition of the sex pheromone of the pine sawfly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microdiprion pallipes</Emphasis> (Hym., Diprionidae)

Summary. The basic chemical structure of the sex pheromone of the pine sawfly Microdiprion pallipes (Fallén) has earlier been identified as the propionate ester of (2S,3S,7R/S,11R/S)/(2R,3R,7R/S,11R/S)-3,7,11- trimethyl-2-tridecanol. We now report the results from further investigations on the male response to individual stereoisomers and to blends of stereoisomers, both in electroantennographic (EAG) recordings and in field trapping experiments. We also present our attempts to determine the stereochemistry of the compounds present in females of M. pallipes. By comparing gas chromatograms and mass spectra obtained from natural extracts with those from synthetic compounds it was found that the females contain one or more of the four (2S,3S,7R/S,11R/S)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2- tridecanol isomers (SS++-1). The active pheromone component is the corresponding propionate ester 2. In EAG experiments, males responded most strongly to five propionate ester samples, namely two four-isomer blends: SS++-2 and SR++-2, and three individual stereoisomers: SSSR-, SRRR- and SRSR-2. In a series of field trapping experiments it was found that males were attracted to the SR++-2 four-isomer blend and to the individual isomer SSSR-2. Based on the EAG-recordings and field responses of males and the stereoisomers found in the females, we suggest that the propionate ester of (2S,3S,7S,11R)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2- tridecanol (SSSR-2) is used as a main component of the sex pheromone in M. pallipes. Apparently the males react to other stereoisomers in addition to that or those produced by the females.     

Potential Fluoride Contamination in the Drinking Water of Naranji Area, Northwest Frontier Province, Pakistan

The drinking water of Naranji village and surrounding areas of the NorthWest Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan, was analyzed for its fluoride content. The fluoride content of water samples from the springs in the Naranji village goes up to 13.52 mg kg(-1), which exceeds the permissible limit (1.5 mg kg(-1)) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study explores the source of fluoride contamination and attributes it to the alkaline rocks of the Ambela granitic complex and the Koga complex. The low-lying areas towards the south have a fluoride content within the permissible limit. The Naranji area therefore needs urgent remedial measures.     

废弃塑料包装物的管理及资源、环境评价

由于塑料包装材料具有明显的资源优势,而获得广泛应用。但塑料材料的原料——石油,目前面临枯竭窘境。同时,塑料包装废弃物的处理存在巨大的环境压力。焚烧包括塑料包装废弃物在内的生活垃圾,用于发电,是日本曾经采取的方法。近年来,因存在难以逾越的生态环境问题,而逐渐废止。工业生态学的材料流的循环利用模式,是解决资源耗尽、废物充斥的理想方法。源头分离是城市固体废弃物资源化的前提条件。按塑料品种分类回收,以材料形式重复利用,保留了塑料的材料价值,还需要解决,再加工过程造成材料力学性能下降的问题。将单一品种塑料转化成单体,不同塑料品种的单体转化率有很大差距,缩合聚合物较高,而PP、PE等则不然。混合塑料的热裂解可获得化工原料和燃料,又达到减少垃圾总量和石油资源循环利用的效果,具有开发潜力。填埋方式占用土地又人为阻碍了有机垃圾回归生物圈。控制性堆肥对避免大量使用化肥、农药造成的生态环境灾难,再建农业生产的可持续性模式,发挥重要作用。生物降解塑料袋对堆肥的实施,具有特殊价值。PET和E-CO在食品包装某些应用领域有优势,而PVC食品包装物的使用和废弃后再利用都存在问题。     

哈尔滨市粪便无害化处理厂工艺设计

介绍了哈尔滨太平区粪便无害化处理厂的基本工艺流程和相关设备和构筑物。该厂将粪便进行机械脱水，脱水粪渣添加麦壳或玉米秸经两次好氧堆肥处理，添加无机肥料生产有机复合肥；粪水厌氧消化生产液体肥料的工艺对粪便进行资源化利用，产生臭气通过除臭装置吸收。该工程改善了当地的污染状况并创造了经济效益。