炉渣在处理锅炉湿法除法废水中的资源性开发应用

利用燃煤炉渣直接过滤锅炉湿法除尘废水，可以提高出水水质，对废水中SS、COD和HSO4^-有显著去除效果，出水可以满足循环回用要求。     

Integrated relief design for gas-generating reactions: predicted vessel pressure course in dependence on the phase separation model

Pressure relief of a hydrogen peroxide decomposition in a top-vented vessel is simulated numerically using six phase separation models. The results lead to the conclusion that generally a parameter study will be required for relief design by simulation when a gas-generating reaction is considered. None of the phase separation models can be expected to be always conservative in contrast to the case of tempered systems.     

碱渣缓和湿式氧化处理工艺的工业应用

在碱精制过程中,会产生高污染物含量的碱渣,其中COD、硫化物和酚的排放量占炼油厂污染物排放量的20%～70%。它不仅是炼油厂的主要恶臭污染源,而且还直接影响了污水处理设施的正常运转和污水处理合格率。为了解决这一难题,抚顺石油化工研究院结合我国国情,针对碱渣的特性、开发了缓和湿式氧化工艺,并在上海、安庆、大庆、湛江及长岭等石化企业推广应用,取得了满意的效果。实践表明:采用缓和湿式氧化工艺处理碱渣可使其中的硫化物含量小于5mg/L,同时降低COD和酚的含量。     

Degradation of Cellulosic Materials Under the Alkaline Conditions of a Cementitious Repository for Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste. II. Degradation Kinetics

The degradation of cellulosic materials, differing mainly in the degree of polymerization and the number of reducing end groups, was studied under the alkaline conditions similar to those existing in a cementitious repository for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (pH 13.3, T = 25°C). The kinetics of alkaline degradation (peeling-off reaction) were studied and the data analyzed by the model of Haas et al. [13]. The observed kinetic parameters for the propagation reaction and overall stopping reaction were compared with literature data. Although measured under different experimental conditions, literature data and data from this study show a consistent picture. Differences in the extent of degradation observed for the different cellulosic materials could be satisfactorily explained by differences in reducing end group content and, consequently, by differences in the degrees of polymerization. Besides the number of reducing end groups, the degree of amorphousness also plays an important role. The main degradation products formed under the experimental conditions used are - and -(gluco)isosaccharinic acid. This is in agreement with many other studies on alkaline degradation of cellulose. The two isomers are formed in roughly equal amounts.     

热碱处理对污水处理厂污泥特性的影响研究

热碱处理是一种重要的污泥预处理方法.选取污泥浓度、p H、温度和处理时间这4个因素,采用正交试验,研究了这些因素对污水处理厂污泥融胞、污泥浓度及污泥形态等污泥特性的影响,以对污泥热碱处理的条件进行优化.结果表明,这4个因素对污泥融胞、污泥浓度和污泥形态特征影响的显著性均为:p H温度时间污泥浓度.此外,这4个因素对释放单位污泥溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)和减小污泥浓度的最佳组合条件为:污泥浓度36.55 g·L-1、p H 12.45、温度175℃和处理时间60 min,而对减小污泥粒径和分形维数的最佳组合条件为:污泥浓度36.55 g·L-1、p H 12.5、温度175℃和处理时间45 min.     

钢结构防腐涂层面漆可剥离现象的原因分析及处理措施

目的分析钢结构防腐涂层面漆出现可剥离现象的原因。方法利用质谱仪、环境扫描电镜、ICS 1100型离子色谱仪对涂料和漆膜进行测试分析。结果聚氨酯涂料和漆膜样品含有高沸点溶剂三甲苯和四甲苯,通过微观形貌分析发现漆膜固化不充分,在漆膜样品的萃取溶液中检测出了铵基盐类物质。结论聚氨酯涂料中的高沸点溶剂、低温环境下的小分子胺析出和湿热海洋环境是导致涂层面漆出现大面积可剥离现象的主要原因。     

高压静电分选Ag与PET的实验研究

为了提高高压静电分选Ag与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate,简称PET)的效率,寻求可产生较佳分选效率的电压、转速、极间距和电晕线角度。采用自制的线辊式静电分选机,通过单因素实验和部分因子实验,研究了不同条件下Ag与PET的分选效率。结果表明:将Ag与PET从二者混合物中有效分选出来的电压为25~30k V、转速为60~75 r/min、极间距为60~70 mm、电晕极角度为50~60°;当电压为30 k V、转速为75 r/min、电晕极距离为70 mm和电晕极角度为60°时,Ag的分选效率达到了最大值为99.60%,PET的分选效率也达到了最大值为99.98%,为线辊式静电分选机结构设计与参数优化提供了参考。     

吸油烟机油烟捕集和空气性能的模拟与试验研究

应用计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟吸油烟机油烟捕集和空气性能,捕集结果和测量基本吻合。改滤网为分离器,使烟机油脂分离度和分离器占烟机分离度提高2.3%和15.8%,减少叶轮和蜗壳的清洗。计算的风量和功率与实验结果的误差分别为18.9%和8.4%。提出改进机箱空间,并采用空心叶轮和蜗壳后盖板挖槽方案。     

电子废弃物中贵重金属的回收技术研究

目前电子废弃物数量巨大,对生态环境产生了严重的危害,并且其中的贵重金属成分的潜在价值很高,所以,对电子废弃物中的贵重金属的回收迫在眉睫。总结了电子废弃物处理的传统技术,包括机械处理、火法和湿法冶金技术等。针对以上方法的特点及流程,从技术上和经济上分析其存在的问题,以及对环境造成的影响。另外,详细介绍了生物技术和超临界流体萃取技术在回收贵重金属方面的研究和发展趋势。最后,简要评述了国内电子废弃物处理所面临的问题,并提出了可能的解决方案。     

Effects of overlying water aeration on phosphorus fractions and alkaline phosphatase activity in surface sediment

Microbial activity may influence phosphorus (P) deposit and release at the water sediment interface. The properties of DO (dissolved oxygen), pH, P fractions (TP, Ca-P, Fe-P, OP, IP), and APA (alkaline phosphatase activity) at the water sediment interface were measured to investigate microbial activity variations in surface sediment under conditions of two-month intermittent aeration in overlying water. Results showed that DO and TP of overlying water increased rapidly in the first week and then decreased gradually after 15 day of intermittent aeration. Microorganism metabolism in surface sediment increased pH and decreased DO and TP in the overlying water. After two-month intermittent aeration, APA and OP from surface sediment (0–2 cm) were both significantly higher than those from bottom sediment (6–8 cm) (p < 0.05), and surface sediment Fe-P was transferred to OP during the course of microorganism reproduction on the surface sediment. These results suggest that microbial activity and microorganism biomass from the surface sediment were higher than those from bottom sediment after two-month intermittent aeration in the overlying water.