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Jessica J. Tipton Louis J. Guillette Jr Susan Lovelace Benjamin B. Parrott Thomas R. Rainwater Jessica L. Reiner 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(11):24-30
Environmental contamination resulting from the production or release of harmful chemicals can lead to negative consequences for wildlife and human health. Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) were historically produced as protective coatings for many household items and currently persist in the environment, wildlife, and humans. PFAAs have been linked to immune suppression, endocrine disruption, and developmental toxicity in wildlife and laboratory studies. This study examines the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, as an important indicator of ecosystem contamination and a potential pathway for PFAA exposure in humans. Alligator meat harvested in the 2015 South Carolina (SC) public hunt season and prepared for human consumption was collected and analyzed for PFAAs to determine meat concentrations and relationships with animal body size (total length), sex, and location of harvest. Of the 15 PFAAs analyzed, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was found in all alligator meat samples and at the highest concentrations (median 6.73 ng/g). No relationship was found between PFAA concentrations and total length or sex. Concentrations of one or all compounds varied significantly across sampling locations, with alligators harvested in the Middle Coastal hunt unit having the highest PFOS concentrations (median 16.0 ng/g; p = 0.0001). Alligators harvested specifically from Berkley County, SC (located in the Middle Coastal hunt unit) had the highest PFOS concentrations and the greatest number of PFAAs detected (p < 0.0001). The site-specific nature of PFAA concentrations in alligator meat observed in this study suggests a source of PFAA contamination in Berkley County, SC. 相似文献
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沈郁 《中国安全生产科学技术》2011,7(12):123-129
烷基苯联合装置含有国家安全监管总局首批重点监管的15种危险化工工艺中的加氢工艺、烷基化工艺两种,装置工艺介质为易燃、易爆、有毒及强腐蚀性物质,生产中潜在危险性较大;开展工艺风险研究,落实控制措施,对于提高装置本质安全性具有极为重要意义.首先探讨了工艺危险和要害部位,确认装置主要风险为火灾、爆炸和毒性危害;然后应用HAZOP方法,以加氢反应进料加热炉、烷基化反应器为分析对象,研究了工艺状态参数温度、压力、物料流量等方面出现偏差的原因、后果及安全措施;还对氢气泄漏发生火灾、爆炸和苯泄漏发生火灾、爆炸、人员中毒进行了事故后果定量分析,提出了相应的安全措施,以消除或降低工艺危险,保障装置安全. 相似文献
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选用4种烷基酚类化合物,对枝角类生物大型蚤进行24 h急性毒性试验和21 d生殖毒性试验,选取急性试验指标(半数致死浓度)和生殖毒性指标(母蚤存活数、幼蚤生殖量、孵化成活率、幼蚤的雌、雄性个体数等)进行定量构效相关(QSAR)研究.结果表明,所测4种烷基酚化合物均可对大型蚤的生殖特性产生活性影响.其中,4-辛基酚和对壬基酚不但能抑制大型蚤的生殖量,还可改变大型蚤孤雌生殖的幼蚤性别比率.实验化合物的一、二阶分子连接性指数与受试生物体的生殖活性有较好的相关性,且以分子亲核反应为主. 相似文献
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氯代酚和烷基酚类化合物对斑马鱼胚胎发育影响的研究 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
为研究氯代酚和烷基酚类化合物的毒性,采用斑马鱼胚胎发育技术,观察这两类化合物对不同发育阶段斑马鱼卵的影响.结果显示,在受精卵产出后立即染毒,胚胎对这些化合物最敏感的毒理学终点分别为: 五氯酚--48 h心律、色素和水肿的EC50值均为0.2 mg/L; 对-壬基酚--72 h孵化EC50为0.5 mg/L; 对-辛基酚--72 h畸形EC50为0.5 mg/L; 对-氯酚--48 h色素EC50为1.5 mg/L; 染毒时刻的不同对胚胎所造成的毒性效应也不同.几种氯代酚和烷基酚对发育24 h胚胎染毒,五氯酚毒性最大,对-辛基酚和对-壬基酚次之,对-氯酚毒性最小.研究表明,该类化合物对斑马鱼胚胎发育均有明显抑制作用,可以造成胚胎发育畸形甚至死亡,具有特定的最敏感毒理学终点. 相似文献
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Mengmeng Guo Guanchao Zheng Jixing Peng Di Meng Haiyan Wu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(4):271-280
Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants, which pose a threat to human health primarily by dietary exposure, especially through seafood. Bohai Sea (a semi-closed sea located north of China) is an important shellfish aquaculture area that is possibly highly-polluted with PFASs. In this study, we first evaluated contamination by PFASs in a total of 230 samples of marine shellfish from the Bohai Sea. Samples included five important shellfish species, collected from important aquaculture spots distributed around the Bohai Sea. Samples were analyzed by an ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, which could simultaneously detect 23 PFASs in shellfish. Our research verified that PFASs have become a threat to the safety of shellfish products in this area. Furthermore, contamination by PFASs in shellfish changed depending on the components of PFASs, the species of shellfish, and the sampling sites. Many of the 23 target compounds contributed to the high detection ratio (>50%) as follows: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)?>?perfluorononanoic acid?>?perfluorodecanesulfonic acid?>?perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Compared with other dominant components, PFOA not only had the highest detection percentage in shellfish samples (98.3%), but its detection level contributed to 87.2% of total PFASs concentrations, indicating that PFOA is the major threat to the safety of shellfish products. The highest level of PFAS was found in clams (62.5?ng?g?1 wet weight of PFOA). The concentration of total PFAS in different shellfish species showed the following trend: clams?>?mussels?>?scallops?>?whelks?>?oysters. The maximum concentration of total PFAS or PFOA was found in Shouguang. The total concentration of PFOS and its precursor were highest in Cangzhou, possibly due to local industrial activities. The results presented in this paper provide new data on the contamination of marine shellfish along the Bohai Sea coasts in China, and constitute a reference for future monitoring of contamination by emerging contaminants in Bohai coast. 相似文献
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超声辐射Fenton试剂耦合法降解直链十二烷基苯磺酸钠的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对超声辐射Fenton试剂耦合法降解水中直链十二烷基苯磺酸钠进行了研究。采用单因子法考察了硫酸亚铁用量,氧化剂H2O2用量,超声辐射反应温度和初始溶液pH值等因素对降解率的影响;采用正交试验法优化降解条件,得出了各因素影响的显著性次序。在环境压力下,超声辐射频率40kHz,超声辐射功率500W,反应时间15min,反应温度95℃,溶液起始pH值3,降解物起始质量浓度200mg/L,硫酸亚铁与双氧水质量浓度分别为O.65g/L和1.2g/L的最佳降解条件下,十二烷基苯磺酸钠的降解率可达99.31%。研究结果表明:超声波辐射Fenton试剂耦合法是一种有效的降解十二烷基苯磺酸钠的方法。与Fenton试剂氧化催化法相比,能够显著地缩短反应时间,提高降解率。 相似文献