危险评价第三维矢量的定性分析

危险评价主要针对危险导致事故发生的可能性与后果严重性进行分析,目的是为拧制危险提供决策依据,但现有的评价矢量并不能完全实现这一目的.可控性的提出完善了评价内容,并在控制对象、控制方案、控制时机等多方面为决策者提供参考,提高了危险评价结果的实用性.     

城市污水污泥发酵制园林营养土中微生物的变化分析

通过桶装发酵装置,进行城市污水污泥发酵制园林营养土过程中微生物的变化研究,测试不同好氧-厌氧交替组的发酵温度以及细菌、真菌、放线菌数量等的变化,探讨发酵温度与微生物变化的规律.结果表明,夏季不同发酵方式的发酵温度在50℃以上的持续时间均长于冬季,且夏季好氧-厌氧交替发酵的发酵温度在55℃以上的持续时间长于好氧发酵;冬季与夏季的好氧、好氧-厌氧交替发酵后,堆料中的粪大肠菌群数量均达到了《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置园林绿化用泥质》(CJ 248-2007)的卫生学指标要求;夏季好氧-厌氧交替发酵过程中,厌氧后发酵温度有所下降,好氧后发酵温度又有所回升;无论好氧还是好氧～厌氧交替发酵中,细菌均为优势种群,真菌、放线菌数量比细菌数量低2～6个数量级.     

旅游城市环境规划优化方法与应用研究(Ⅱ)昆明旅游圈环境规划优化

将IFMOPOMTCE该模型应用于昆明市旅游圈旅游环境规划优化的实例当中，取得了较为成功的效果，并采用情景分析和交互式调整的方法制定出两种方案。通过比较分析确定出适合昆明旅游业持续发展的最优发展方案，为决策者提供了科学的决策依据，从而证明了该模型的实用性和可操作性。     

现代农业思潮与农业生态环境保护

通过对各类现代农业思潮的产生背景，思想出发点以及所倡导实施的技术体系的分析，阐述了现代农业思潮的实质是人类环保意识的觉醒，是人们对现代常规农业反思的结果，并指出现代农业思潮有深刻的思想根源。     

模拟控制性分根交替滴灌对玉米的节水效应

以盆栽玉米为试材，模拟田间控制性分根交替滴灌(Controlled Root-divided alternative Drip Irrigation，简称CRDADI)供水方式对夏玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率及其根冠比的影响。结果表明，控制1／2根区交替滴灌(ADL)比常规滴灌(CK)节水25％而生物量仅下降9％，水分利用效率和根冠比均明显增加，气孔导度和蒸腾速率下降明显而净光合速率变化很小，蒸腾效率明显提高；控制：1／2根区固定滴灌(FDI2)水分利用效率虽然是CK的1．2倍，但生物量仅为CK的60．1％，ADI1的66．0％，严重影响了玉米的正常生长；控制1／2根区交替滴灌(ADI)比控制1／2根区固定滴灌(FDI)的根冠比、根干质量和根条数增加且根系分布均匀，地上部分生物量增加。表明控制性分根交替滴灌(ADI)能在不牺牲作物光合产物积累的前提下提高玉米的水分利用效率。     

Optimization of wastewater treatment alternative selection by hierarchy grey relational analysis

This paper describes an innovative systematic approach, namely hierarchy grey relational analysis for optimal selection of wastewater treatment alternatives, based on the application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA). It can be applied for complicated multicriteria decision-making to obtain scientific and reasonable results. The effectiveness of this approach was verified through a real case study. Four wastewater treatment alternatives (A(2)/O, triple oxidation ditch, anaerobic single oxidation ditch and SBR) were evaluated and compared against multiple economic, technical and administrative performance criteria, including capital cost, operation and maintenance (O and M) cost, land area, removal of nitrogenous and phosphorous pollutants, sludge disposal effect, stability of plant operation, maturity of technology and professional skills required for O and M. The result illustrated that the anaerobic single oxidation ditch was the optimal scheme and would obtain the maximum general benefits for the wastewater treatment plant to be constructed.     

AN IMPLICIT APPROACH TO PRICING AGRICULTURAL WATER TRANSFERS TO URBAN USES1

ABSTRACT: The increased agricultural efficiency of the American farmer has been a substantial impetus to this nation's rapid urbanization. In many western regions where total water supplies are limited, urbanization has required the transfer of heretofore agricultural water rights to the urban use. A major problem in such transfers has been the value or price of the water. A management level model of a typical urban water system was developed to optimize water supply, distribution, and wastewater treatment alternatives. The values of agricultural transfers were determined as the cost advantages of increasing allowable reuse levels of urban effluents which imply the use of a downstream right. This procedure is justified by the economic theory of alternative cost. Results for a test application to the Denver, Colorado area indicate values on the order of $1,000 per acre-foot of transferable water depending on effluent water quality restrictions and operational policies.     

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING APPLIED TO WATER RESOURCE PLANNING1

ABSTRACT The growing social consciousness and concern with human well-being has resulted in numerous water resource use and control programs, the results of which must be measured not in the customary monetary terms, but rather in terms of social and human welfare. Interdisciplinary research offers the greatest promise of yielding fruitful results in establishing planning methodology that would result in a maximum utilization of funds available for water resource programs. Working with the various social science disciplines, accountants have begun research in social measurement thus opening the door to a new field of accountancy known as socio-economic accounting. The development of social accounting systems will improve water resource management by projecting heretofore unmeasureable social values into the management decision making process.     

Connecting Community Action and Science to Combat Desertification: Evaluation of a Process

Combating desertification requires the involvement of many people ranging from communities who experience the effects on a daily basis and scientists attempting to understand the biophysical and socio-economic causes and consequences of desertification, to developers and policy makers on all levels. In many instances, however, the understanding, approaches and actions of these different groups contradict rather than support one another. Over the period 2000 to 2002, a conference process undertaken in southern Africa brought together communities, scientists, and development workers to test the concept that they could connect and work together to combat desertification, given an appropriate framework. The conference was a success, and communities, scientists and developers did exchange experience, knowledge and information. Many lessons were learned, although some pitfalls were experienced. Time, funding, enhanced communication, and good will are the primary ingredients for ensuring that different sectors complement one another in their efforts to combat desertification.     

应对气候变化问题的法律调整机制

气候变化的不确定性决定对于其带来的不良环境影响也不能做出确切的预测。《联合国气候变化框架公约》、《京都议定书》及《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》的缔结和生效为各国一致行动提供了国际法上的依据。应当加强气候变化的科学研究，制定实施有效的政策法律措施，同时施加我国的大国影响，推动气候变化问题的国际解决进程。