Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…     

Biodegradation of mixture of VOC's in a biofilter

Volatile organic compounds(VOC‘s) in air have become major concern in recent years. Biodegradation of a mixture of ethanol and methanol vapor was evaluated in a laboratory biofilter with a bed of compost and polystyrene particles using an acclimated mixed culture. The continuous performance of the biofilter was studied with different proportion of ethanol and methanol at different initial concentration and flow rates. The result showed significant removal for both ethanol and methanol, which were composition dependent.The presence of either compound in the mixture inhibited the biodegradation of the other.     

Heavy metals pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province, China

The heavy metals pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province was investigated. 97 feed and manure samples were sampled from 31 farming plants in 10 major cities of Jiangsu. 14 metals, including Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Ba, Co, Sr, Ti, As and Hg, were analyzed after samples acid digestion. The results showed that the most feed samples contained high concentration of metals exceeding National Hygienical Standard for Feeds. Meanwhile, it was found that Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations in animal manures were also high, for example, Cu concentration in a manure sample reached to as much as 1726.3 mg/kg. Heavy metals loading quantities in soil per year were then calculated when metals contaminated organic fertilizers were applied, and its effects on soil environmental qualitv were further evaluated.     

加载条件下原水管道受力特征模型试验研究

为研究堆载大小对原水管道受力变形的影响,采用量纲分析法得出模型试验相似比,并根据相似比进行模型箱的设计、管道材料的选取和重塑土的配制,研究不同工况下管道的受力特征。试验结果表明:整体上管道端部应力大于管中央应力,管轴向应力大于管环向应力。在中心加载下,管端应力值较管中央处大,前者增长速度更快,而后者增长速度较慢。在偏心荷载作用下,靠近荷载的管端应力最大,而管中央应力最小;尤其在偏载6 kPa作用下,管端下表面轴向应力达到595 kPa,而管中央处仅有64 kPa,管端受边界约束作用明显,管道呈弯曲变形。     

拉伸加载下老化复合固体推进剂的损伤演化定量分析

目的 定量分析老化对拉伸加载下复合固体推进剂细观损伤演化的影响规律。方法 开展不同老化时间（0、32、74、98 d）下三组元端羟基聚丁二烯（HTPB）复合固体推进剂的热加速老化试验,以及老化后推进剂的微型哑铃形试验件在不同拉伸应变水平（0、5%、10%、20%、40%、50%）下的微CT扫描观测试验,并对扫描重构图像进行定量分析,获得老化对推进剂细观损伤演化的影响规律。结果 随拉伸应变增加,老化前后推进剂微CT图像的灰度均方差、平均孔隙率和图像的分形维数均呈非线性增加趋势,图像的灰度均值呈非线性减小趋势。在较低应变水平（<10%）下,上述参数受老化时间的影响不显著,但随拉伸应变增加（≥10%）和老化时间增长,灰度均方差、平均孔隙率、孔隙率增量和分形维数的数值整体增高,而灰度均值随老化时间的增长而降低,且不同老化时间下,分形维数与平均孔隙率之间存在正线性关系。结论 重构得到微CT图像的灰度均值、平均孔隙率和分形维数可作为表征参数,用于定量分析老化复合固体推进剂在拉伸载荷下的细观损伤和损伤的动态演化规律,推进剂的初始损伤和小应变下的损伤程度受老化的影响较弱,而老化时间对推进剂细观损...     

Ce/Zr系列催化剂上碳颗粒物燃烧行为

分别在TG和TPO上考察了CeO₂,ZrO₂及不同Ce/Zr比的CexZr1-xO₂固溶体催化剂上soot的燃烧性能,同时考察了反应气氛对活性的影响.结果表明:Ce基催化剂能明显降低soot的起燃温度,Ce/Zr比的不同导致Ce_xZr_1-xO₂催化剂性能的差异.反应的速度控制步骤随O₂浓度的不同而改变;H₂O对Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂上soot的氧化活性基本没有影响;由于NO氧化产生的NO₂具有更强的的氧化能力,因此NO对soot的燃烧具有促进作用,起燃温度降低了30℃.催化剂上的β氧种参与了soot燃烧过程.     

峰值前后多次加载下煤样声发射特征

掌握峰值前后多次加载下煤样声发射变化规律,对研究煤矿开采中不同变形部位煤岩裂缝演化至关重要。利用RMT-150B型岩石力学实验系统以及CDAE-1全数字化声发射检测及分析系统,采取焦作矿区煤样进行了峰值前后多次加载下的应力-应变-声发射测试实验。测试结果显示:首次加载时声发射参数呈现“渐变性”的变化特征,随后加载时声发射变化呈现“分段性”特征。并且随着加载次数的增加煤岩的Felicity效应逐渐增强,体现了煤岩记忆的超前性。同时,随着加载次数的增加,煤样时间-声发射曲线较时间-应力曲线的滞后性逐渐增强。这些特征的研究可以为煤矿井下地质灾害的监测、预测提供指导。     

石英砂表面活性滤膜去除地下水中氨氮的试验研究

为研究石英砂滤料表面活性滤膜催化氧化地下水中氨氮的性能,采用已运行4年的中试石英砂滤柱,改变进水氨氮负荷并且长期持续过滤仅含氨氮的进水,考察该滤膜催化氧化氨氮的性能.结果表明:在进水氨氮浓度为0.8~1.3mg/L,水温为20~23℃,滤速为7m/h的试验条件下,滤料表面活性滤膜催化氧化氨氮的性能可长期保持稳定、高效;在溶解氧(DO)充足的条件下,氨氮的最大去除负荷为22.3g/(m³·h),且其与氨氮进水负荷正相关;氨氮的极限去除浓度受溶解氧的限制,且当DO不足时,滤速对溶解氧的消耗影响较大.     

Disinfection byproducts in drinking water and regulatory compliance: A critical review

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are regulated in drinking water in a number of countries. This critical review focuses on the issues associated with DBP regulatory compliance, including methods for DBP analysis, occurrence levels, the regulation comparison among various countries, DBP compliance strategies, and emerging DBPs. The regulation comparison between China and the United States (US) indicated that the DBP regulations in China are more stringent based on the number of regulated compounds and maximum levels. The comparison assessment using the Information Collection Rule (ICR) database indicated that the compliance rate of 500 large US water plants under the China regulations is much lower than that under the US regulations (e.g. 62.2% versus 89.6% for total trihalomethanes). Precursor removal and alternative disinfectants are common practices for DBP regulatory compliance. DBP removal after formation, including air stripping for trihalomethane removal and biodegradation for haloacetic acid removal, have gained more acceptance in DBP control. Formation of emerging DBPs, including iodinated DBPs and nitrogenous DBPs, is one of unintended consequences of precursor removal and alternative disinfection. At much lower levels than carbonaceous DBPs, however, emerging DBPs have posed higher health risks.     

污泥负荷对生物处理系统耐药细菌的影响研究

为了研究污水生物处理工艺中抗药性细菌生长和分布特性及污泥负荷的影响,构建了不同处理负荷的活性污泥工艺,并以磺胺嘧啶抗性异养菌为例,阐述了污泥负荷对活性污泥系统中典型抗药细菌的生长及排放特性的影响.结果表明,污泥负荷增大有利于磺胺嘧啶抗性异养菌的生长繁殖,负荷提高后净比生长速率和细菌产量分别由0.32d-1和2.3×106CFU/d提高至0.33d-1和3.1×106CFU/d,活性污泥、出水和剩余污泥中抗药菌的浓度也均显著提高(P < 0.05),但对抗药细菌的相对丰度无显著改变.低污泥负荷下[0.24kg COD/(kg MLSS?d)]抗药细菌主要通过剩余污泥形式排放,排放量比(泥中排放量/水中排放量)为28.4;负荷提高至0.4kg COD/(kg MLSS?d)后,出水抗药细菌排放量显著提高,排放量比为1.1.处理相同水量,高污泥负荷下排放的抗药细菌总量明显降低,提高污泥负荷有利于活性污泥系统抗药性风险的控制.