多核聚合形态Al30混凝控制水中腐殖酸与残留铝的研究

制备了优势形态为Al30的聚合铝PAC-Al30,与优势形态为Al13的常用聚合铝PAC-Al13及AlCl3作对比实验,考察了不同铝系混凝剂强化混凝控制水中腐殖酸(Humic Acid,HA)和残留铝的差异.结果表明,PAC-Al30具有足够的稳定性,与PAC-Al13和AlCl3相比,PAC-Al30可以更好地控制出水腐殖酸和残留铝浓度,且以碱化度B为2.4的PAC-Al30效果最好.PAC-Al30和PAC-Al13比AlCl3有更宽的有效投量范围,可以提高实际应用中的稳定性.Ca2 和高岭土的存在均有利于PAC-Al30混凝去除HA.低温对PAC-Al30混凝去除HA有不利影响.研究表明,Al30是一种可用于控制水中腐殖酸和残留铝的新型混凝/絮凝活性成分.     

AGRICULTURAL CONSERVATION PROGRAM: AN EVALUATION1

The Agricultural Conservation Program (ACP), is undergoing a new, rigorous evaluation to determine its effectiveness in conserving the Nation's agricultural soils and waters. ACP deals with many types of conservation practices, but the focus here is on the evaluation of soil and water related practices. ACP has depended heavily on the State and private forestry services, Soil Conservation Service, and the Cooperative Extension Services, for technical expertise. Thus, the process is an evaluation of the effectiveness of a “team of agencies,” as well as of the program itself. Results of the evaluation have helped to develop new thrusts which have moved ACP further into the position of treating the total conservation problem. Phase I has its limitations. It did not address the impact of wind erosion, water quality, change in productive capacity, soil quality, wildlife habitat, off site and farm income impacts. It does show that ACP has and is doing a very good job in meeting its stated purposes. It is clear that ACP's effectiveness can be improved with more and better advanced planning and more intensive use of soil maps, the USLE, and other scientific tools. ACP is headed in this direction.     

Electrocatalytic reduction of ortho nitrobenzaldehyde using modified aluminum electrode and its determination

A simple, cost effective and rapid electrochemical method has been developed for the determination of micro level ortho nitrobenzaldehyde（ONB） based on outstanding properties of modified aluminum electrode tin nanorods/anodic aluminum oxide/aluminum（SnNR/AAO/Al） for the first time. The SnNR/AAO/Al electrode was fabricated by a second step anodization, followed by electrodeposition and its electrochemical behavior was investigated in detail. The cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the SnNR/AAO/Al electrode exhibited efficient electrocatalytic activity toward reduction of ONB in the acidic solution. It provides an appreciable improvement of reduction peak for ONB at-0.721 V.Furthermore, various kinetic parameters such as transfer electron number, transfer proton number and standard heterogeneous rate constant were calculated from the scan rates.The electrocatalytic behavior was further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for the ONB determination by differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit are 0.1-100 μmol/L and 0.05 μmol/L, respectively,for ONB. The analytical performance of this modified sensor has been evaluated for detection of real sample such as river water and recovery of ONB was achieved all-out up to102.3% under standard addition method.     

废铝回收处理技术及工艺研究

随着我国用铝量的逐年增加,再生铝高值利用越来越受到行业关注。介绍了废铝回收处理工艺及设备,以及废铝回收处理过程中的技术难点。指出废铝回收再利用,对节约资源、保护环境具有重要意义。     

浸水率对低合金钢海水腐蚀行为的影响

目的计算不同浸水率试样的平均腐蚀速率,并与全浸条件下的腐蚀行为进行对比研究。方法采用电化学测量技术,测量不同干湿循环后试样在海水中的开路电位、极化电阻和电化学交流阻抗,分析不同浸水率对低合金钢电化学性能的影响。利用三维视频显微镜观察不同浸水率试样的腐蚀形貌,采用X射线分析仪分析锈层组成。结果干湿交替条件下低合金钢的腐蚀速率比全浸条件下增大1个数量级,自腐蚀电位正移150 mV左右,极化电阻增大2个数量级;且随着浸水率增大,腐蚀速率减小,自腐蚀电位无明显变化,试验初期电阻增大,但是试验后期无明显变化。结论观察腐蚀形貌和锈层组成,全浸条件下以FeOOH为主,干湿交替条件下出现较多的Fe3O4。     

某油田压裂返排液混凝—氧化处理研究

以某油田压裂返排液为研究对象,针对其特点,采用"PAC(聚合氯化铝)混凝—次氯酸钠氧化"处理方法,通过考查出水的COD降解情况,确定"混凝—氧化"试验的最佳条件,最终使得压裂返排液COD由343.2 mg/L降低至90.7 mg/L,COD去除率达到74.6%,低于当地排放标准(100mg/L)。     

基于局部腐蚀损伤的铝合金预腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展模型

目的建立铝合金预腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展模型。方法采用表征局部环境腐蚀损伤影响程度的参数孔蚀率对腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行修正。结果修正后的腐蚀铝合金试件的疲劳裂纹扩展速率与试验结果吻合程度良好。结论修正后的铝合金预腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型合理有效,试验数据和预测模型可为海军飞机结构的损伤容限设计提供参考。     

复合材料胶接修理对含腐蚀损伤铝板力学性能的影响

目的研究复合材料胶接修理对含腐蚀损伤铝板静强度和疲劳寿命的影响。方法设计加工模拟铝合金腐蚀损伤的试验件,采用复合材料胶接修理技术对试验件进行修理,通过有限元分析和试验验证的方法考核该修理技术对试验件力学性能的影响。结果有限元计算结果表明,复合材料胶接修理技术能够有效缓解试验件的应力集中情况。试验件修理后与修理前的对比静强度和疲劳试验结果表明,Ⅰ型试验件的破坏载荷提升了45.9%,疲劳寿命增加了9.3倍;Ⅱ型试验件的破坏载荷提升了11.4%,疲劳寿命增加了3.6倍。结论复合材料胶接修理技术是一种高效的飞机铝合金结构腐蚀损伤修理方法。     

贵州茶园土壤中氟、铝形态及其关系的实验研究

本文研究了贵州茶园土壤中氟、铝的形态组成及分布特征,探讨了彼此间的相关性。研究结果表明:水溶态氟、交换态氟、交换态铝和有机结合态铝是茶树吸收氟和铝的主要物质供应源,彼此间有很好的相关性,且受土壤pH值的影响较大,在茶树的生物富集作用下,茶园土壤中氟和铝均表现出有从土壤深层向表层迁移富集的趋势。     

铜及铜合金在淡海水交替自然环境条件下的腐蚀行为研究

目的研究铜及铜合金在淡海水交替条件下的腐蚀行为。方法通过开展TUP纯铜、B10与B30铜合金3种典型的铜及铜合金在淡海水交替、海水及淡水自然环境下2年的暴露试验,将三种环境下材料的腐蚀形貌、腐蚀速率进行对比,总结3种材料在不同水环境下的腐蚀规律,对其腐蚀机理进行简要的探讨,并对其长周期的腐蚀行为进行预测。结果对TUP纯铜来说,淡海水环境对TUP纯铜的影响是海水环境的1.66倍,对B30铜合金来说,淡海水环境对其影响是海水环境的2.07倍,而对于B10铜合金,淡海水环境是海水环境的2.17倍。结论从耐蚀性上来看,铜及合金在淡海水交替自然环境下耐蚀性能最差,海水自然环境下次之,在淡水环境下的耐蚀性能最好,自然环境中水的流速越快,会加重铜及合金的腐蚀。